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Now a days, power has become a primary consideration in hardware design, and is critical in computer systems especially for portable devices with high performance and more functionality. Clock-gating is the most common technique used for…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2010-09-10 M. Kamaraju , K. Lal Kishore , A. V. N. Tilak

This paper presents a pipeline stage resolved timing characterization of a 32-bit RISC V processor implemented on a 20 nm FPGA and a 7 nm FinFET ASIC platform. A unified analysis framework is introduced that decomposes timing paths into…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-18 Mostafa Darvishi

In the field of cryptography till date the 2-byte in 1-clock is the best known RC4 hardware design [1], while 1-byte in 1-clock [2], and the 1-byte in 3 clocks [3][4] are the best known implementation. The design algorithm in[2] considers…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2014-01-14 Rourab Paul , Amlan Chakrabarti , Ranjan Ghosh

This paper presents an innovative approach utilizing in-memory computing (IMC) for the development and integration of AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) cipher technique. Our research aims to enhance cybersecurity measures for a wide range…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Hala Ajmi , Fakhreddine Zayer , Hamdi Belgacem

This paper presents a novel algorithm for the modulus operation for FPGA implementation. The proposed algorithm use only addition, subtraction, logical, and bit shift operations, avoiding the complexities and hardware costs associated with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-10 W. A. Susantha Wijesinghe

This paper introduces NeCTAr (Near-Cache Transformer Accelerator), a 16nm heterogeneous multicore RISC-V SoC for sparse and dense machine learning kernels with both near-core and near-memory accelerators. A prototype chip runs at 400MHz at…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Viansa Schmulbach , Jason Kim , Ethan Gao , Lucy Revina , Nikhil Jha , Ethan Wu , Borivoje Nikolic

RISC-V-based architectures are paving the way for efficient On-Device Learning (ODL) in smart edge devices. When applied across multiple nodes, ODL enables the creation of intelligent sensor networks that preserve data privacy. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Lars Kröger , Cristian Cioflan , Victor Kartsch , Luca Benini

High-Performance Computing (HPC) processors are nowadays integrated Cyber-Physical Systems demanding complex and high-bandwidth closed-loop power and thermal control strategies. To efficiently satisfy real-time multi-input multi-output…

The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm is a symmetric block cipher which operates on a sequence of blocks each consists of 128, 192 or 256 bits. Moreover, the cipher key for the AES algorithm is a sequence of 128, 192 or 256 bits.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-01-08 Ghada F. Elkabbany , Heba K. Aslan , Mohamed N. Rasslan

Increasing development in embedded systems, VLSI and processor design have given rise to increased demands from the system in terms of power, speed, area, throughput etc. Most of the sophisticated embedded system applications consist of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-02-20 Bhavana Mehta , Jonti Talukdar , Sachin Gajjar

Reconfigurable computing offers a good balance between flexibility and energy efficiency. When combined with software-programmable devices such as CPUs, it is possible to obtain higher performance by spatially distributing the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Daniel Vazquez , Jose Miranda , Alfonso Rodriguez , Andres Otero , Pascuale Davide Schiavone , David Atienza

Vector architectures are gaining traction for highly efficient processing of data-parallel workloads, driven by all major ISAs (RISC-V, Arm, Intel), and boosted by landmark chips, like the Arm SVE-based Fujitsu A64FX, powering the TOP500…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Matteo Perotti , Matheus Cavalcante , Nils Wistoff , Renzo Andri , Lukas Cavigelli , Luca Benini

In modern critical infrastructure such as power grids, it is crucial to ensure security of data communications between network-connected devices while following strict latency criteria. This necessitates the use of cryptographic hardware…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Aniket Banerjee , Utsav Banerjee

Shor's algorithm is one of the most promising applications of quantum computers. However, since $\sim 10^6$ physical qubits are believed to be required for established approaches, the algorithm will need to be distributed across many…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-06 Tian Xue , Jacob P. Covey

Following the scale-up of new radio (NR) complexity in 5G and beyond, the physical layer's computing load on base stations is increasing under a strictly constrained latency and power budget; base stations must process > 20-Gb/s uplink…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-11 Marco Bertuletti , Yichao Zhang , Alessandro Vanelli-Coralli , Luca Benini

The proliferation of edge devices necessitates efficient computational architectures for lightweight tasks, particularly deep neural network (DNN) inference. Traditional NPUs, though effective for such operations, face challenges in power,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Won Hyeok Kim , Hyeong Jin Kim , Tae Hee Han

Nowadays, various memory-hungry applications like machine learning algorithms are knocking "the memory wall". Toward this, emerging memories featuring computational capacity are foreseen as a promising solution that performs data process…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Jia-Hui Su , Chen-Hua Lu , Jenq Kuen Lee , Andrea Coluccio , Fabrizio Riente , Marco Vacca , Marco Ottavi , Kuan-Hsun Chen

This paper describes our experience implementing a Hypervisor extension for a 64-bit RISC-V processor. We describe the design process and the main required parts with a brief explanation of each one.

One of the main bottlenecks when designing a network processing system is very often its memory subsystem. This is mainly due to the state-of-the-art network links operating at very high speeds and to the fact that in order to support…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2011-11-09 I. Papaefstathiou , T. Orphanoudakis , G. Kornaros , C. Kachris , I. Mavroidis , A. Nikologiannis

Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) is widely accepted for ensuring secure data exchange between resource-limited IoT devices. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) recommended implementation, such as B-163, is…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Ruby Kumari , Tapas Rout , Babul Saini , Jai Gopal Pandey , Abhijit Karmakar