English
Related papers

Related papers: Interval Universal Approximation for Neural Networ…

200 papers

We establish fundamental mathematical limits on universal approximation theorem (UAT) system alignment by proving that catastrophic failures are an inescapable feature of any useful computational system. Our central thesis is that for any…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Jasper Yao

At its core, machine learning seeks to train models that reliably generalize beyond noisy observations; however, the theoretical vacuum in which state-of-the-art universal approximation theorems (UATs) operate isolates them from this goal,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-03 Anastasis Kratsios , Tin Sum Cheng , Daniel Roy

This paper presents a novel framework of neural networks for isotropic hyperelasticity that enforces necessary physical and mathematical constraints while simultaneously satisfying the universal approximation theorem. The two key…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Gian-Luca Geuken , Patrick Kurzeja , David Wiedemann , Jörn Mosler

In this paper, we establish universal approximation theorems for neural networks applied to general nonlinear ill-posed operator equations. In addition to the approximation error, the measurement error is also taken into account in our…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-11-21 Lan Wang , Qiao Zhu , Bangti Jin , Ye Zhang

We explore the phase diagram of approximation rates for deep neural networks and prove several new theoretical results. In particular, we generalize the existing result on the existence of deep discontinuous phase in ReLU networks to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-01-07 Dmitry Yarotsky , Anton Zhevnerchuk

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are widely regarded as a biologically-inspired and energy-efficient alternative to classical artificial neural networks. Yet, their theoretical foundations remain only partially understood. In this work, we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-29 Umberto Biccari

\citet{farrell2021deep} establish non-asymptotic high-probability bounds for general deep feedforward neural network (with rectified linear unit activation function) estimators, with \citet[Theorem 1]{farrell2021deep} achieving a suboptimal…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-12-11 Zhaoji Tang

This paper develops simple feed-forward neural networks that achieve the universal approximation property for all continuous functions with a fixed finite number of neurons. These neural networks are simple because they are designed with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Zuowei Shen , Haizhao Yang , Shijun Zhang

A main open question in contemporary AI research is quantifying the forms of reasoning neural networks can perform when perfectly trained. This paper answers this by interpreting reasoning tasks as circuit emulation, where the gates define…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Anastasis Kratsios , Dennis Zvigelsky , Bradd Hart

There has been a growing interest in expressivity of deep neural networks. However, most of the existing work about this topic focuses only on the specific activation function such as ReLU or sigmoid. In this paper, we investigate the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-07-24 Ilsang Ohn , Yongdai Kim

This paper investigates the approximation power of three types of random neural networks: (a) infinite width networks, with weights following an arbitrary distribution; (b) finite width networks obtained by subsampling the preceding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-21 Bolton Bailey , Ziwei Ji , Matus Telgarsky , Ruicheng Xian

Although neural networks traditionally are typically used to approximate functions defined over $\mathbb{R}^n$, the successes of graph neural networks, point-cloud neural networks, and manifold deep learning among other methods have…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-07-11 Stella Rose Biderman

This article is concerned with the approximation and expressive powers of deep neural networks. This is an active research area currently producing many interesting papers. The results most commonly found in the literature prove that neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-08 I. Daubechies , R. DeVore , S. Foucart , B. Hanin , G. Petrova

The universal approximation theorem is generalised to uniform convergence on the (noncompact) input space $\mathbb{R}^n$. All continuous functions that vanish at infinity can be uniformly approximated by neural networks with one hidden…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Teun D. H. van Nuland

Universal approximation theorem suggests that a shallow neural network can approximate any function. The input to neurons at each layer is a weighted sum of previous layer neurons and then an activation is applied. These activation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Bhaavan Goel

Most existing expressivity theories for neural networks assume exact real arithmetic, whereas practical neural networks are executed under finite-precision floating-point arithmetic with implementation-dependent execution semantics. Recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yeachan Park , Geonho Hwang , Wonyeol Lee , Sejun Park

In various scenarios motivated by real life, such as medical data analysis, autonomous driving, and adversarial training, we are interested in robust deep networks. A network is robust when a relatively small perturbation of the input…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Patryk Krukowski , Daniel Wilczak , Jacek Tabor , Anna Bielawska , Przemysław Spurek

We study the uniform approximation of echo state networks with randomly generated internal weights. These models, in which only the readout weights are optimized during training, have made empirical success in learning dynamical systems.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Zhen Li , Yunfei Yang

Compression is a key step to deploy large neural networks on resource-constrained platforms. As a popular compression technique, quantization constrains the number of distinct weight values and thus reducing the number of bits required to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-15 Yukun Ding , Jinglan Liu , Jinjun Xiong , Yiyu Shi

In 1989 George Cybenko proved in a landmark paper that wide shallow neural networks can approximate arbitrary continuous functions on a compact set. This universal approximation theorem sparked a lot of follow-up research. Shen, Yang and…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2023-06-02 Jan Holstermann