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Most existing work on predicting NCAAB matches has been developed in a statistical context. Trusting the capabilities of ML techniques, particularly classification learners, to uncover the importance of features and learn their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-10-15 Albrecht Zimmermann , Sruthi Moorthy , Zifan Shi

Machine learning classification tasks often benefit from predicting a set of possible labels with confidence scores to capture uncertainty. However, existing methods struggle with the high-dimensional nature of the data and the lack of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Rui Luo , Zhixin Zhou

Accurate probabilistic predictions can be characterized by two properties -- calibration and sharpness. However, standard maximum likelihood training yields models that are poorly calibrated and thus inaccurate -- a 90% confidence interval…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Volodymyr Kuleshov , Shachi Deshpande

In the face of dataset shift, model calibration plays a pivotal role in ensuring the reliability of machine learning systems. Calibration error (CE) is an indicator of the alignment between the predicted probabilities and the classifier…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Teodora Popordanoska , Gorjan Radevski , Tinne Tuytelaars , Matthew B. Blaschko

Numerous real-world decisions rely on machine learning algorithms and require calibrated uncertainty estimates. However, modern methods often yield overconfident, uncalibrated predictions. The dominant approach to quantifying the…

A trustworthy real-world prediction system should produce well-calibrated confidence scores; that is, its confidence in an answer should be indicative of the likelihood that the answer is correct, enabling deferral to an expert in cases of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Katherine Tian , Eric Mitchell , Allan Zhou , Archit Sharma , Rafael Rafailov , Huaxiu Yao , Chelsea Finn , Christopher D. Manning

Discovering features that set elite players apart is of great significance for eSports coaches as it enables them to arrange a more effective training program focused on improving those features. Moreover, finding such features results in a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Amin Noroozi , Mohammad S. Hasan , Maryam Ravan , Elham Norouzi , Ying-Ying Law

With the surge in mobile gaming, accurately predicting user spending on newly downloaded games has become paramount for maximizing revenue. However, the inherently unpredictable nature of user behavior poses significant challenges in this…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Peijie Sun , Yifan Wang , Min Zhang , Chuhan Wu , Yan Fang , Hong Zhu , Yuan Fang , Meng Wang

Accurately gauging the confidence level of Large Language Models' (LLMs) predictions is pivotal for their reliable application. However, LLMs are often uncalibrated inherently and elude conventional calibration techniques due to their…

Probabilistic forecasting estimates the likelihood of uncertain future events. To improve LLM forecasting, existing methods typically learn from binary outcomes to output verbalized forecasts. However, while aggregated human forecasts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Hui Dai , Ryan Teehan , Parsa Torabian , Mengye Ren

Reward models (RMs) play a crucial role in Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback by serving as proxies for human preferences in aligning large language models. However, they suffer from various biases which could lead to reward…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Xiao Zhu , Chenmien Tan , Pinzhen Chen , Rico Sennrich , Huiming Wang , Yanlin Zhang , Hanxu Hu

Probability estimates generated by boosting ensembles are poorly calibrated because of the margin maximization nature of the algorithm. The outputs of the ensemble need to be properly calibrated before they can be used as probability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-20 Nikolaos Nikolaou , Joseph Mellor , Nikunj C. Oza , Gavin Brown

In a membership inference attack (MIA), an attacker exploits the overconfidence exhibited by typical machine learning models to determine whether a specific data point was used to train a target model. In this paper, we analyze the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Meiyi Zhu , Caili Guo , Chunyan Feng , Osvaldo Simeone

Bayesian games model interactive decision-making where players have incomplete information -- e.g., regarding payoffs and private data on players' strategies and preferences -- and must actively reason and update their belief models (with…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Zuyuan Zhang , Mahdi Imani , Tian Lan

Uncertainty estimation is a significant issue for current large language models (LLMs) that are generally poorly calibrated and over-confident, especially with reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). Unlike humans, whose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Ruixin Yang , Dheeraj Rajagopal , Shirley Anugrah Hayati , Bin Hu , Dongyeop Kang

Uncertainty estimates help to identify ambiguous, novel, or anomalous inputs, but the reliable quantification of uncertainty has proven to be challenging for modern deep networks. In order to improve uncertainty estimation, we propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-18 Kanil Patel , William Beluch , Dan Zhang , Michael Pfeiffer , Bin Yang

While the expected calibration error (ECE), which employs binning, is widely adopted to evaluate the calibration performance of machine learning models, theoretical understanding of its estimation bias is limited. In this paper, we present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Futoshi Futami , Masahiro Fujisawa

Reliable uncertainty estimation is crucial for perception systems in safe autonomous driving. Recently, many methods have been proposed to model uncertainties in deep learning based object detectors. However, the estimated probabilities are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-09-30 Di Feng , Lars Rosenbaum , Claudius Glaeser , Fabian Timm , Klaus Dietmayer

Predictive models in ML need to be trustworthy and reliable, which often at the very least means outputting calibrated probabilities. This can be particularly difficult to guarantee in the online prediction setting when the outcome sequence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Princewill Okoroafor , Robert Kleinberg , Wen Sun

The Elo rating system is a highly successful ranking algorithm for games of skill where, by construction, one team wins and the other loses. A primary limitation of the original Elo algorithm is its inability to predict information beyond a…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-02-05 J. Scott Moreland , Matthew C. Superdock