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In the context of computer models, calibration is the process of estimating unknown simulator parameters from observational data. Calibration is variously referred to as model fitting, parameter estimation/inference, an inverse problem, and…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-16 Richard D. Wilkinson , Christopher W. Lanyon

Uncertainty quantification is essential for the reliable deployment of machine learning models to high-stakes application domains. Uncertainty quantification is all the more challenging when training distribution and test distribution are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Yaodong Yu , Stephen Bates , Yi Ma , Michael I. Jordan

A variety of different performance metrics are commonly used in the machine learning literature for the evaluation of classification systems. Some of the most common ones for measuring quality of hard decisions are standard and balanced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Luciana Ferrer

Uncertainty calibration is crucial for various machine learning applications, yet it remains challenging. Many models exhibit hallucinations - confident yet inaccurate responses - due to miscalibrated confidence. Here, we show that the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Jeonghwan Cheon , Se-Bum Paik

It is often observed that the probabilistic predictions given by a machine learning model can disagree with averaged actual outcomes on specific subsets of data, which is also known as the issue of miscalibration. It is responsible for the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-28 Feiyang Pan , Xiang Ao , Pingzhong Tang , Min Lu , Dapeng Liu , Lei Xiao , Qing He

Classifiers are often tested on relatively small data sets, which should lead to uncertain performance metrics. Nevertheless, these metrics are usually taken at face value. We present an approach to quantify the uncertainty of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-03-05 Niklas Tötsch , Daniel Hoffmann

Accurately predicting the probabilities of user feedback, such as clicks and conversions, is critical for advertisement ranking and bidding. However, there often exist unwanted mismatches between predicted probabilities and true likelihoods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Yuang Zhao , Chuhan Wu , Qinglin Jia , Hong Zhu , Jia Yan , Libin Zong , Linxuan Zhang , Zhenhua Dong , Muyu Zhang

Learning in games is a fundamental problem in machine learning and artificial intelligence, with numerous applications~\citep{silver2016mastering,schrittwieser2020mastering}. This work investigates two-player zero-sum matrix games with an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-21 Shishen Lin

In online advertising, uncertainty calibration aims to adjust a ranking model's probability predictions to better approximate the true likelihood of an event, e.g., a click or a conversion. However, existing calibration approaches may lack…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Quanyu Dai , Jiaren Xiao , Zhaocheng Du , Jieming Zhu , Chengxiao Luo , Xiao-Ming Wu , Zhenhua Dong

Accurate sensor calibration is crucial for autonomous systems, yet its uncertainty quantification remains underexplored. We present the first approach to integrate uncertainty awareness into online extrinsic calibration, combining Monte…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Mathieu Cocheteux , Julien Moreau , Franck Davoine

We study a dynamic game where an expert sends probabilistic forecasts to a decision-maker. The decision-maker verifies these forecasts using a calibration test based on past data. How should the expert send forecasts to maximize her payoff…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-05-13 Atulya Jain , Vianney Perchet

Deep neural networks have been shown to be highly miscalibrated. often they tend to be overconfident in their predictions. It poses a significant challenge for safety-critical systems to utilise deep neural networks (DNNs), reliably. Many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Aditya Singh , Alessandro Bay , Biswa Sengupta , Andrea Mirabile

Competitions are widely used to identify top performers in judgmental forecasting and machine learning, and the standard competition design ranks competitors based on their cumulative scores against a set of realized outcomes or held-out…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Siddarth Srinivasan , Tao Lin , Connacher Murphy , Anish Thilagar , Yiling Chen , Ezra Karger

Successful analysis of player skills in video games has important impacts on the process of enhancing player experience without undermining their continuous skill development. Moreover, player skill analysis becomes more intriguing in…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-06-27 Zhengxing Chen , Yizhou Sun , Magy Seif El-nasr , Truong-Huy D. Nguyen

Uncertainty quantification is crucial in safety-critical systems, where decisions must be made under uncertainty. In particular, we consider the problem of online uncertainty quantification, where data points arrive sequentially. Online…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Junyoung Yang , Kyungmin Kim , Sangdon Park

The accurate representation of epistemic uncertainty is a challenging yet essential task in machine learning. A widely used representation corresponds to convex sets of probabilistic predictors, also known as credal sets. One popular way of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Mira Jürgens , Thomas Mortier , Eyke Hüllermeier , Viktor Bengs , Willem Waegeman

Selective classification enables models to make predictions only when they are sufficiently confident, aiming to enhance safety and reliability, which is important in high-stakes scenarios. Previous methods mainly use deep neural networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Yu-Chang Wu , Shen-Huan Lyu , Haopu Shang , Xiangyu Wang , Chao Qian

Multi-class classification methods that produce sets of probabilistic classifiers, such as ensemble learning methods, are able to model aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty. Aleatoric uncertainty is then typically quantified via the Bayes…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-04-20 Thomas Mortier , Viktor Bengs , Eyke Hüllermeier , Stijn Luca , Willem Waegeman

Knowledge of accurate relative skills in any competitive system is essential, but foundational approaches such as ELO discard extremely relevant performance data by concentrating exclusively on binary outcomes. While margin of victory (MOV)…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-03 Shivam Shorewala , Zihao Yang

Model calibration aims to align confidence with prediction correctness. The Cross-Entropy (CE) loss is widely used for calibrator training, which enforces the model to increase confidence on the ground truth class. However, we find the CE…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Yuchi Liu , Lei Wang , Yuli Zou , James Zou , Liang Zheng