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Many of the successes of machine learning are based on minimizing an averaged loss function. However, it is well-known that this paradigm suffers from robustness issues that hinder its applicability in safety-critical domains. These issues…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-09 Alexander Robey , Luiz F. O. Chamon , George J. Pappas , Hamed Hassani

This paper re-examines the use of response time to infer problem complexity. It revisits a canonical Wald model of optimal stopping, taking signal-to-noise ratio as a measure of problem complexity. While choice quality is monotone in…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2024-06-19 Duarte Gonçalves

We formally define algorithmic capture of combinatorial tasks as the ability of a transformer to extrapolate to arbitrary task sizes with controllable error and logarithmic sample adaptation, providing a sharp scaling criterion for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Orit Davidovich , Zohar Ringel

In this paper we study a worst case to average case reduction for the problem of matrix multiplication over finite fields. Suppose we have an efficient average case algorithm, that given two random matrices $A,B$ outputs a matrix that has a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Ashish Gola , Igor Shinkar , Harsimran Singh

Algorithmic efficiency is essential to reducing energy and time usage for computational problems. Optimizing efficiency is important for tasks involving multiple resources, for example in stochastic calculations where the size of the random…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-07-09 Run Yan Teh , Manushan Thenabadu , Peter D Drummond

Providing generalization guarantees for stochastic optimization algorithms remains a key challenge in learning theory. Recently, numerous works demonstrated the impact of the geometric properties of optimization trajectories on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Mario Tuci , Lennart Bastian , Benjamin Dupuis , Nassir Navab , Tolga Birdal , Umut Şimşekli

Many state-of-the-art algorithms for solving hard combinatorial problems in artificial intelligence (AI) include elements of stochasticity that lead to high variations in runtime, even for a fixed problem instance. Knowledge about the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-07-10 Katharina Eggensperger , Marius Lindauer , Frank Hutter

Perhaps surprisingly, it is possible to predict how long an algorithm will take to run on a previously unseen input, using machine learning techniques to build a model of the algorithm's runtime as a function of problem-specific instance…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-10-29 Frank Hutter , Lin Xu , Holger H. Hoos , Kevin Leyton-Brown

Machine learning in medicine is typically optimized for population averages. This frequency weighted training privileges common presentations and marginalizes rare yet clinically critical cases, a bias we call the average patient fallacy.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Alaleh Azhir , Shawn N. Murphy , Hossein Estiri

These notes contain, among others, a proof that the average running time of an easy solution to the satisfiability problem for propositional calculus is, under some reasonable assumptions, linear (with constant 2) in the size of the input.…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-04-07 Marek A. Suchenek

We consider distributed iterative algorithms for the averaging problem over time-varying topologies. Our focus is on the convergence time of such algorithms when complete (unquantized) information is available, and on the degradation of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2009-01-14 Angelia Nedić , Alex Olshevsky , Asuman Ozdaglar , John Tsitsiklis

The paper questions the robustness of average case time complexity of the fast and popular quicksort algorithm. Among the six standard probability distributions examined in the paper, only continuous uniform, exponential and standard normal…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-11-27 Suman Kumar Sourabh , Soubhik Chakraborty

A key component of automated algorithm selection and configuration, which in most cases are performed using supervised machine learning (ML) methods is a good-performing predictive model. The predictive model uses the feature representation…

Perfect sorting by reversals, a problem originating in computational genomics, is the process of sorting a signed permutation to either the identity or to the reversed identity permutation, by a sequence of reversals that do not break any…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2012-01-05 Mathilde Bouvel , Cedric Chauve , Marni Mishna , Dominique Rossin

Polyak momentum (PM), also known as the heavy-ball method, is a widely used optimization method that enjoys an asymptotic optimal worst-case complexity on quadratic objectives. However, its remarkable empirical success is not fully…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-01-25 Damien Scieur , Fabian Pedregosa

Since many real-world problems arising in the fields of compiler optimisation, automated software engineering, formal proof systems, and so forth are equivalent to the Halting Problem--the most notorious undecidable problem--there is a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-13 Cristian S. Calude , Michael A. Stay

It has long been observed that for practically any computational problem that has been intensely studied, different instances are best solved using different algorithms. This is particularly pronounced for computationally hard problems,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-29 Pascal Kerschke , Holger H. Hoos , Frank Neumann , Heike Trautmann

Pairwise comparison data arises in many domains, including tournament rankings, web search, and preference elicitation. Given noisy comparisons of a fixed subset of pairs of items, we study the problem of estimating the underlying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-07-20 Ashwin Pananjady , Cheng Mao , Vidya Muthukumar , Martin J. Wainwright , Thomas A. Courtade

In the algorithm selection research, the discussion surrounding algorithm features has been significantly overshadowed by the emphasis on problem features. Although a few empirical studies have yielded evidence regarding the effectiveness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Xingyu Wu , Yan Zhong , Jibin Wu , Yuxiao Huang , Sheng-hao Wu , Kay Chen Tan

We study statistical problems, such as planted clique, its variants, and sparse principal component analysis in the context of average-case communication complexity. Our motivation is to understand the statistical-computational trade-offs…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Cyrus Rashtchian , David P. Woodruff , Peng Ye , Hanlin Zhu