English

Universal Average-Case Optimality of Polyak Momentum

Optimization and Control 2021-01-25 v4

Abstract

Polyak momentum (PM), also known as the heavy-ball method, is a widely used optimization method that enjoys an asymptotic optimal worst-case complexity on quadratic objectives. However, its remarkable empirical success is not fully explained by this optimality, as the worst-case analysis -- contrary to the average-case -- is not representative of the expected complexity of an algorithm. In this work we establish a novel link between PM and the average-case analysis. Our main contribution is to prove that any optimal average-case method converges in the number of iterations to PM, under mild assumptions. This brings a new perspective on this classical method, showing that PM is asymptotically both worst-case and average-case optimal.

Cite

@article{arxiv.2002.04664,
  title  = {Universal Average-Case Optimality of Polyak Momentum},
  author = {Damien Scieur and Fabian Pedregosa},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2002.04664},
  year   = {2021}
}

Comments

Added references in the proof of Theorem 4.1

R2 v1 2026-06-23T13:38:52.151Z