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We construct a probabilistic finite automaton (PFA) with 7 states and an input alphabet of 5 symbols for which the PFA Emptiness Problem is undecidable. The only input for the decision problem is the starting distribution. For the proof, we…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Günter Rote

The determinisation problem for min-plus (tropical) weighted automata was recently shown to be decidable. However, the proof is purely existential, relying on several non-constructive arguments. Our contribution in this work is twofold:…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Shaull Almagor , Guy Arbel , Sarai Sheinvald

State minimization of combinatorial filters is a fundamental problem that arises, for example, in building cheap, resource-efficient robots. But exact minimization is known to be NP-hard. This paper conducts a more nuanced analysis of this…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Yulin Zhang , Dylan A. Shell

Algorithms for (nondeterministic) finite-state tree automata (FTAs) are often tested on random FTAs, in which all internal transitions are equiprobable. The run-time results obtained in this manner are usually overly optimistic as most such…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2013-11-25 Thomas Hanneforth , Andreas Maletti , Daniel Quernheim

In this paper, we look at good-for-games Rabin automata that recognise a Muller language (a language that is entirely characterised by the set of letters that appear infinitely often in each word). We establish that minimal such automata…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Antonio Casares , Thomas Colcombet , Karoliina Lehtinen

Parikh automata extend finite automata by counters that can be tested for membership in a semilinear set, but only at the end of a run, thereby preserving many of the desirable algorithmic properties of finite automata. Here, we study the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-21 Shibashis Guha , Ismaël Jecker , Karoliina Lehtinen , Martin Zimmermann

It is well known, and easy to see, that not each nondeterministic Buchi automaton on infinite words can be simulated by a nondeterministic co-Buchi automaton. We show that in the cases when such a simulation is possible, the number of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2009-06-07 Jerzy Marcinkowski , Jakub Michaliszyn

In this paper, we are interested in automata over infinite words and infinite duration games, that we view as general transition systems. We study transformations of systems using a Muller condition into ones using a parity condition,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Antonio Casares , Thomas Colcombet , Nathanaël Fijalkow

An improved translation from alternating parity automata on infinite words to alternating weak automata is given. The blow-up of the number of states is related to the size of the smallest universal ordered trees and hence it is…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-15 Laure Daviaud , Marcin Jurdziński , Karoliina Lehtinen

We present a few results and several open problems concerning complete deterministic finite automata in which every non-empty subset of the state set occurs as the image of the whole state set under the action of a suitable input word.

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-07-05 Evgenija Bondar , Mikhail Volkov

History-deterministic automata are those in which nondeterministic choices can be correctly resolved stepwise: there is a strategy to select a continuation of a run given the next input letter so that if the overall input word admits some…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Soumyajit Paul , David Purser , Sven Schewe , Qiyi Tang , Patrick Totzke , Di-De Yen

A non-deterministic automaton running on infinite trees is unambiguous if it has at most one accepting run on every tree. The class of languages recognisable by unambiguous tree automata is still not well-understood. In particular,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-05-10 Henryk Michalewski , Michał Skrzypczak

State reduction of finite automata plays a significant role in improving efficiency in formal verification, pattern recognition, and machine learning, where automata-based models are widely used. While deterministic automata have…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Linh Anh Nguyen , Son Thanh Cao , Stefan Stanimirović

We investigate hyper-minimization for deterministic register automata (DRAs). We begin by introducing DRA counterparts of classical notions from deterministic finite automata. Building on these foundations, we present an algorithm for…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Yong Li , Qiyi Tang , Di-De Yen

An average-time game is played on the infinite graph of configurations of a finite timed automaton. The two players, Min and Max, construct an infinite run of the automaton by taking turns to perform a timed transition. Player Min wants to…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-16 Marcin Jurdzinski , Ashutosh Trivedi

Mean-field Games systems (MFGs) serve as paradigms to describe the games among a huge number of players. In this paper, we consider the ergodic Mean-field Games systems in the bounded domain with Neumann boundary conditions and the…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-01-28 Fanze Kong , Yonghui Tong , Xiaoyu Zeng

We propose a new General Game Playing (GGP) system called Regular Games (RG). The main goal of RG is to be both computationally efficient and convenient for game design. The system consists of several languages. The core component is a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Radosław Miernik , Marek Szykuła , Jakub Kowalski , Jakub Cieśluk , Łukasz Galas , Wojciech Pawlik

We study convergence rates of the generalized conditional gradient (GCG) method applied to fully discretized Mean Field Games (MFG) systems. While explicit convergence rates of the GCG method have been established at the continuous PDE…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-13 Haruka Nakamura , Norikazu Saito

The formulation of Mean Field Games (MFG) typically requires continuous differentiability of the Hamiltonian in order to determine the advective term in the Kolmogorov--Fokker--Planck equation for the density of players. However, in many…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-04-03 Yohance A. P. Osborne , Iain Smears

A deterministic finite automaton in which every non-empty set of states occurs as the image of the whole state set under the action of a suitable input word is called completely reachable. We characterize such automata in terms of graphs…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-01-14 Evgeniya A. Bondar , David Casas , Mikhail V. Volkov