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Subgraph Isomorphism is a very basic graph problem, where given two graphs $G$ and $H$ one is to check whether $G$ is a subgraph of $H$. Despite its simple definition, the Subgraph Isomorphism problem turns out to be very broad, as it…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-04-14 Marek Cygan , Jakub Pachocki , Arkadiusz Socała

A polynomial algorithm for graphs' isomorphism testing is constructed in assumption that there exists a corresponding polynomial algorithm for graphs with trivial automorphism group.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Aleksandr Golubchik

We investigate algorithms for canonical labelling of site graphs, i.e. graphs in which edges bind vertices on sites with locally unique names. We first show that the problem of canonical labelling of site graphs reduces to the problem of…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2013-06-12 Nicolas Oury , Michael Pedersen , Rasmus Petersen

Graph labelling is one of the noticed contexts in combinatorics and graph theory. Graceful labelling for a graph $G$ with $e$ edges, is to label the vertices of $G$ with $0, 1, \cdots, e$ such that, if we specify to each edge the difference…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-02 Sayed Mohammad Hosseini , Mahdi Davoudi Darareh , Shahrooz Janbaz , Ali Zaghian

This study develops a graph search algorithm to find the optimal discrimination path for the binary classification problem. The objective function is defined as the difference of variations between the true positive (TP) and false positive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Qinwu Xu

Deep learning is effective in graph analysis. It is widely applied in many related areas, such as link prediction, node classification, community detection, and graph classification etc. Graph embedding, which learns low-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-25 Jinyin Chen , Xiang Lin , Dunjie Zhang , Wenrong Jiang , Guohan Huang , Hui Xiong , Yun Xiang

There is no known polynomial-time algorithm for graph isomorphism testing, but elementary combinatorial "refinement" algorithms seem to be very efficient in practice. Some philosophical justification is provided by a classical theorem of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-17 Michael Anastos , Matthew Kwan , Benjamin Moore

Despite the remarkable accomplishments of graph neural networks (GNNs), they typically rely on task-specific labels, posing potential challenges in terms of their acquisition. Existing work have been made to address this issue through the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Siyang Luo , Ziyi Jiang , Zhenghan Chen , Xiaoxuan Liang

Symbolic regression aims to find a function that best explains the relationship between independent variables and the objective value based on a given set of sample data. Genetic programming (GP) is usually considered as an appropriate…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-09-26 Changtong Luo , Chen Chen , Zonglin Jiang

Graph Transformer (GT) has recently emerged as a promising neural network architecture for learning graph-structured data. However, its global attention mechanism with quadratic complexity concerning the graph scale prevents wider…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Ningyi Liao , Zihao Yu , Siqiang Luo

In this paper, we revisit the split decomposition of graphs and give new combinatorial and algorithmic results for the class of totally decomposable graphs, also known as the distance hereditary graphs, and for two non-trivial subclasses,…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2011-04-19 Emeric Gioan , Christophe Paul

A symmetric digraph $\overleftrightarrow{G}$ is obtained from a simple graph $G$ by replacing each edge $uv$ with a pair of opposite arcs $\vec{uv}$, $\overrightarrow{vu}$. An arc-colouring $c$ of a digraph $\overleftrightarrow{G}$ is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-18 Rafał Kalinowski , Monika Pilśniak , Magdalena Prorok

Finding structural similarities in graph data, like social networks, is a far-ranging task in data mining and knowledge discovery. A (conceptually) simple reduction would be to compute the automorphism group of a graph. However, this…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-02-28 Stephan Doerfel , Tom Hanika , Gerd Stumme

What is the best way to match the nodes of two graphs? This graph alignment problem generalizes graph isomorphism and arises in applications from social network analysis to bioinformatics. Some solutions assume that auxiliary information on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Judith Hermanns , Anton Tsitsulin , Marina Munkhoeva , Alex Bronstein , Davide Mottin , Panagiotis Karras

Subgraph queries also known as subgraph isomorphism search is a fundamental problem in querying graph-like structured data. It consists to enumerate the subgraphs of a data graph that match a query graph. This problem arises in many…

Databases · Computer Science 2018-07-11 C. Nabti , T. Mecharnia , S. E. Boukhetta , H. Seba , K. Amrouche

Formulating optimization problems for industrial applications demands significant manual effort and domain expertise. While Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise in automating this process, evaluating their performance remains difficult…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Zhuohan Wang , Ziwei Zhu , Ziniu Li , Congliang Chen , Yizhou Han , Yufeng Lin , Zhihang Lin , Angyang Gu , Xinglin Hu , Ruoyu Sun , Tian Ding

We consider the isomorphism problem for hypergraphs taking as input two hypergraphs over the same set of vertices $V$ and a permutation group $\Gamma$ over domain $V$, and asking whether there is a permutation $\gamma \in \Gamma$ that…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Daniel Neuen

Graph contrastive learning (GCL) has emerged as a representative graph self-supervised method, achieving significant success. The currently prevalent optimization objective for GCL is InfoNCE. Typically, it employs augmentation techniques…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Yulan Hu , Sheng Ouyang , Jingyu Liu , Ge Chen , Zhirui Yang , Junchen Wan , Fuzheng Zhang , Zhongyuan Wang , Yong Liu

There are many complex combinatorial problems which involve searching for an undirected graph satisfying given constraints. Such problems are often highly challenging because of the large number of isomorphic representations of their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-02-05 Avraham Itzhakov , Michael Codish

Subgraph isomorphism is a well-known NP-hard problem that is widely used in many applications, such as social network analysis and query over the knowledge graph. Due to the inherent hardness, its performance is often a bottleneck in…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Li Zeng , Lei Zou , M. Tamer Özsu , Lin Hu , Fan Zhang