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The move structure represents permutations with long contiguously permuted intervals in compressed space with optimal query time. They have become an important feature of compressed text indexes using space proportional to the number of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Nathaniel K. Brown , Ben Langmead

The positional Burrows-Wheeler Transform (PBWT) is commonly used to store haplotype panels compactly in such a way that, given a query haplotype, we can quickly find the set maximal exact matches (SMEMs) between the query and the haplotypes…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Travis Gagie

Detecting all the strings that occur in a text more frequently or less frequently than expected according to an IID or a Markov model is a basic problem in string mining, yet current algorithms are based on data structures that are either…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-08-13 Djamal Belazzougui , Fabio Cunial

Until recently, most experts would probably have agreed we cannot backwards-step in constant time with a run-length compressed Burrows-Wheeler Transform (RLBWT), since doing so relies on rank queries on sparse bitvectors and those inherit…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Nathaniel K. Brown , Travis Gagie , Massimiliano Rossi

Highly-repetitive collections of strings are increasingly being amassed by genome sequencing and genetic variation experiments, as well as by storing all versions of human-generated files, like webpages and source code. Existing indexes for…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-04-22 Djamal Belazzougui , Fabio Cunial , Travis Gagie , Nicola Prezza , Mathieu Raffinot

Indexing highly repetitive texts - such as genomic databases, software repositories and versioned text collections - has become an important problem since the turn of the millennium. A relevant compressibility measure for repetitive texts…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Travis Gagie , Gonzalo Navarro , Nicola Prezza

In this paper, we consider the problem of compressing a trie while supporting the powerful \emph{locate} queries: to return the pre-order identifiers of all nodes reached by a path labeled with a given query pattern. Our result builds on…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Nicola Prezza

Parameterized strings are a generalization of strings in that their characters are drawn from two different alphabets, where one is considered to be the alphabet of static characters and the other to be the alphabet of parameter characters.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-09-01 Daiki Hashimoto , Diptarama Hendrian , Dominik Köppl , Ryo Yoshinaka , Ayumi Shinohara

With the rapid growing of data and number of applications, there is a crucial need of dictionary based reversible transformation techniques to increase the efficiency of the compression algorithms and hence contribute towards the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-03-20 R. R. Baruah , V. Deka , M. P. Bhuyan

The field of succinct data structures has flourished over the last 16 years. Starting from the compressed suffix array (CSA) by Grossi and Vitter (STOC 2000) and the FM-index by Ferragina and Manzini (FOCS 2000), a number of generalizations…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-09-22 Djamal Belazzougui , Fabio Cunial , Juha Kärkkäinen , Veli Mäkinen

We first review how we can store a run-length compressed suffix array (RLCSA) for a text $T$ of length $n$ over an alphabet of size $\sigma$ whose Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT) consists of $r$ runs in $O \left( \rule{0ex}{2ex} r \log (n /…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Nathaniel K. Brown , Travis Gagie , Giovanni Manzini , Gonzalo Navarro , Marinella Sciortino

Constructing the Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT) for long strings poses significant challenges regarding construction time and memory usage. We use a prefix of the suffix array to partition a long string into shorter substrings, thereby…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Enno Adler , Stefan Böttcher , Rita Hartel

The Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT) moves characters with similar contexts in a text together, where a character's context consists of the characters immediately following it. We say that a property has contextual locality if characters…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Travis Gagie

In this paper we show how to use one or more assembled or partially assembled genome as the basis for a compressed full-text index of its readset. Specifically, we build a labelled tree by taking the assembled genome as a trunk and grafting…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Travis Gagie , Garance Gourdel , Giovanni Manzini

In this paper we describe algorithms for computing the BWT and for building (compressed) indexes in external memory. The innovative feature of our algorithms is that they are lightweight in the sense that, for an input of size $n$, they use…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2009-09-25 Paolo Ferragina , Travis Gagie , Giovanni Manzini

This paper provides an upper bound for several subsets of maximal repeats and maximal pairs in compressed strings and also presents a formerly unknown relationship between maximal pairs and the run-length Burrows-Wheeler transform. This…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Julian Pape-Lange

Prior work inspired by compression algorithms has described how the Burrows Wheeler Transform can be used to create a distance measure for bioinformatics problems. We describe issues with this approach that were not widely known, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Edward Raff , Charles Nicholas , Mark McLean

The suffix tree is arguably the most fundamental data structure on strings: introduced by Weiner (SWAT 1973) and McCreight (JACM 1976), it allows solving a myriad of computational problems on strings in linear time. Motivated by its large…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Ruben Becker , Davide Cenzato , Travis Gagie , Sung-Hwan Kim , Ragnar Groot Koerkamp , Giovanni Manzini , Nicola Prezza

The FM-index is a well-known compressed full-text index, based on the Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT). During a pattern search, the BWT sequence is accessed at "random" locations, which is cache-unfriendly. In this paper, we are interested…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-12-08 Szymon Grabowski , Aleksander Cisłak

The notion of Wheeler languages is rooted in the Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT), one of the most central concepts in data compression and indexing. The BWT has been generalized to finite automata, the so-called Wheeler automata, by Gagie…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Ruben Becker , Giuseppa Castiglione , Giovanna D'Agostino , Alberto Policriti , Nicola Prezza , Antonio Restivo , Brian Riccardi