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Spin transfer torque magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM) is considered as one of the most promising candidates to build up a true universal memory thanks to its fast write/read speed, infinite endurance and non-volatility. However the…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2015-06-04 Weisheng Zhao , Sumanta Chaudhuri , Celso Accoto , Jacques-Olivier Klein , Claude Chappert , Pascale Mazoyer

Antiferromagnetic Tunnel Junctions (AFMTJs) enable picosecond switching and femtojoule writes through ultrafast sublattice dynamics. We present the first end-to-end AFMTJ simulation framework integrating multi-sublattice…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yousuf Choudhary , Tosiron Adegbija

As dynamic random access memory (DRAM) and other current transistor-based memories approach their scalability limits, the search for alternative storage methods becomes increasingly urgent. Phase-change memory (PCM) emerges as a promising…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Mahek Desai , Rowena Quinn , Marjan Asadinia

This paper presents physical modeling and benchmarking for two-terminal spin-orbit torque magnetic random-access memory (2T-SOT-MRAM). The results indicate that the common SOT materials that provide only in-plane torque can provide little…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Md Nahid Haque Shazon , Piyush Kumar , Luqiao Liu , Daniel C. Ralph , Azad Naeemi

Efficient generation of spin currents from charge currents is of high importance for memory and logic applications of spintronics. In particular, generation of spin currents from charge currents in high spin-orbit coupling metals has the…

Superparamagnetic tunnel junctions (sMTJs) are emerging as promising components for stochastic units in neuromorphic computing, owing to their tunable random switching behavior. Conventional MTJ control methods, such as spin-transfer torque…

Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (MTJs) constitute the novel memory element in STT-MRAM, which is ramping to production at major foundries as an eFlash replacement. MTJ switching exhibits a stochastic behavior due to thermal fluctuations, which is…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-06-24 Fernando García-Redondo , Pranay Prabhat , Mudit Bhargava

We investigated the performance of spin transfer torque random access memory (STT-RAM) cell with cross shaped Heusler compound based free layer using micromagnetic simulations. We designed the free layer using Cobalt based Heusler…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2014-01-28 Tangudu Bharat Kumar , Bhaskar Awadhiya , E. MeherAbhinav , Bahniman Ghosh , Bhupesh Bishnoi

With ultra-fast writing capacity and high reliability, the spin-orbit torque is regarded as a promising alternative to fabricate next-generation magnetic random access memory. However, the three-terminal setup can be challenging when…

Applied Physics · Physics 2017-06-07 Ming-Han Tsai , Po-Hung Lin , Kuo-Feng Huang , Hsiu-Hau Lin , Chih-Huang Lai

Magnetic Tunnel Junction (MTJ) based Spin-Transfer Torque Magnetic Random Access Memory (STT-MRAM) is poised to replace embedded Flash for advanced applications such as automotive microcontroller units. To achieve deeper technological…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-02-28 Nicholas A. Lanzillo , Sergey Faleev , Aakash Pushp

The role of universal memory can be successfully satisfied by magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) where the writing mechanism is based on spin-transfer torque (STT). An improvement in the switching properties (lower switching current density…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-07-04 Riccardo Tomasello , Vito Puliafito , Bruno Azzerboni , Giovanni Finocchio

This work represents integration of MTJ with 30nm FinFET for low voltage analog write operations and readout optimization for the p-bit or true random number generator (TRNG), where the induced p-bit, the probabilistic state of the magnetic…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Thomas Egler , Hans Dittmann , Sunanda Thunder , Artur Useinov

We present a novel design of a strained topological insulator spin-orbit torque random access memory (STI-SOTRAM) bit cell comprising a piezoelectric/magnet (gating)/topological insulator (TI)/magnet (storage) heterostructure that leverages…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-03-03 Md Golam Morshed , Hamed Vakili , Mohammad Nazmus Sakib , Samiran Ganguly , Mircea R. Stan , Avik W. Ghosh

The switching speed and the write current required for spin-transfer-torque reversal of spintronic devices such as magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ) currently hinder their wide implementation into memory and logic devices. This problem is…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-09-27 Kerem Yunus Camsari , Ahmed Zeeshan Pervaiz , Rafatul Faria , Ernesto E. Marinero , Supriyo Datta

Spin currents are used to write information in magnetic random access memory (MRAM) devices by switching the magnetization direction of one of the ferromagnetic electrodes of a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) nanopillar. Different physical…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-04-26 Christopher Safranski , Jonathan Z. Sun , Andrew D. Kent

Voltage-controlled magnetoresistive random access memory (VC-MRAM) based on voltage-induced dynamic switching in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) is a promising ultimate non-volatile memory with ultralow power consumption. However, the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-05-31 Rie Matsumoto , Shiniji Yuasa , Hiroshi Imamura

Multistate memory systems have the ability to store and process more data in the same physical space as binary memory systems, making them a potential alternative to existing binary memory systems. In the past, it has been demonstrated that…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-08-27 Md Mahadi Rajib , Namita Bindal , Ravish Kumar Raj , Brajesh Kumar Kaushik , Jayasimha Atulasimha

Progress in artificial intelligence and machine learning over the past decade has been driven by the ability to train larger deep neural networks (DNNs), leading to a compute demand that far exceeds the growth in hardware performance…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Sourjya Roy , Cheng Wang , Anand Raghunathan

In this paper, we present a novel cache design based on Multi-Level Cell Spin-Transfer Torque RAM (MLC STTRAM) that can dynamically adapt the set capacity and associativity to use efficiently the full potential of MLC STTRAM. We exploit the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2017-06-13 Amin Jadidi , Mohammad Arjomand , Mahmut T. Kandemir , Chita R. Das

The concept of perpendicular shape anisotropy spin-transfer torque magnetic random-access memory (PSA-STT-MRAM) consists in increasing the storage layer thickness to values comparable to the cell diameter, to induce a perpendicular shape…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-08-18 N. Caçoilo , S. Lequeux , B. M. S. Teixeira , B. Dieny , R. C. Sousa , N. A. Sobolev , O. Fruchart , I. L. Prejbeanu , L. D. Buda-Prejbeanu