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A new device structure for spin transfer torque based magnetic random access memory is proposed for on-chip memory applications. Our device structure exploits spin Hall effect to create a differential memory cell that exhibits fast and…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2014-02-12 Yusung Kim , Sri Harsha Choday , Kaushik Roy

Ensuring high performance, while meeting the power budget is a challenging task as the world is moving towards next-generation computing. Researchers and designers are in search of new solutions for efficient computation. Spintronics…

Applied Physics · Physics 2022-08-31 Jagadish Rajpoot , Ravneet Paul , Shivam Verma

Spin-orbit torques (SOT) provide a versatile tool to manipulate the magnetization of diverse classes of materials and devices using electric currents, leading to novel spintronic memory and computing approaches. In parallel to spin transfer…

Applied Physics · Physics 2022-07-26 Viola Krizakova , Manu Perumkunnil , Sebastien Couet , Pietro Gambardella , Kevin Garello

Writing magnetic bits by spin-orbit torques (SOTs) arising from spin Hall effect creates new possibilities for ultrafast and low-power magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM). For perpendicular MRAM, an extra in-plane field is required…

Applied Physics · Physics 2019-11-25 Yang Liu , Bing Zhou , Zhengkun Dai , Enbo Zhang , Jian-Gang Zhu

Spin-Transfer Torque RAM (STT-RAM) is widely considered a promising alternative to SRAM in the memory hierarchy due to STT-RAM's non-volatility, low leakage power, high density, and fast read speed. The STT-RAM's small feature size is…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-08-12 Kyle Kuan , Tosiron Adegbija

Spin-orbit torque (SOT) enables ultra-fast, energy-efficient magnetization switching, making it a promising mechanism for introducing MRAMs for cache memory applications. However, current SOT-MRAM devices face write efficiency limitations,…

Spin-orbit torque (SOT) based magnetic random access memory (MRAM) is envisioned as an emerging non-volatile memory due to its ultra-high speed and low power consumption. The field-free switching schema in SOT devices is of great interest…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-07-03 Min Wang , Zhaohao Wang , Chao Wang , Weisheng Zhao

Current-induced spin-transfer torques (STT) and spin-orbit torques (SOT) enable the electrical switching of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) in nonvolatile magnetic random access memories. In order to develop faster memory devices, an…

The SRAM cell is made up of latch, which ensures that the cell data is preserved as long as power is turned on and refresh operation is not required for the SRAM cell. SRAM is widely used for on-chip cache memory in microprocessors, game…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-05-22 Apollos Ezeogu

Future applications of spin-orbit torque will require new mechanisms to improve the efficiency for switching nanoscale magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs), while also controlling the magnetic dynamics to achieve fast, nanosecond scale…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-02-07 Shengjie Shi , Yongxi Ou , S. V. Aradhya , D. C. Ralph , R. A. Buhrman

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ) have been successfully applied in various sensing application and digital information storage technologies. Currently, a number of new potential applications of MTJs are being actively studied, including…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Piotr Rzeszut , Jakub Chęciński , Ireneusz Brzozowski , Sławomir Ziętek , Witold Skowroński , Tomasz Stobiecki

The human brain achieves exceptional energy efficiency by co-locating memory and processing, yet reproducing this principle in hardware remains challenging because many neuromorphic devices require standby power, offer limited…

A new spintronic nonvolatile memory cell analogous to 1T DRAM with non-destructive read is proposed. The cells can be used as neural computing units. A dual-circuit neural network architecture is proposed to leverage these devices against…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-05-31 Andrew W. Stephan , Qiuwen Lou , Michael Niemier , X. Sharon Hu , Steven J. Koester

Stochastic magnetic tunnel junctions (s-MTJ) is a promising component of probabilistic bit (p-bit), which plays a pivotal role in probabilistic computers. For a standard cell structure of the p-bit, s-MTJ is desired to be insensitive to…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-07-12 Rikuto Ota , Keito Kobayashi , Keisuke Hayakawa , Shun Kanai , Kerem Y. Çamsarı , Hideo Ohno , Shunsuke Fukami

This paper presents a physics-based modeling framework for the analysis and transient simulation of circuits containing Spin-Transfer Torque (STT) Magnetic Tunnel Junction (MTJ) devices. The framework provides the tools to analyze the…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Fernando García-Redondo , Pranay Prabhat , Mudit Bhargava , Cyrille Dray

As an emerging post-CMOS Field Effect Transistor, Magneto-Electric FETs (MEFETs) offer compelling design characteristics for logic and memory applications, such as high-speed switching, low power consumption, and non-volatility. In this…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Deniz Najafi , Mehrdad Morsali , Ranyang Zhou , Arman Roohi , Andrew Marshall , Durga Misra , Shaahin Angizi

This paper investigates the impact of thermal stability relaxation in double-barrier magnetic tunnel junctions (DMTJs) for energy-efficient spin-transfer torque magnetic random access memories (STT-MRAMs) operating at the liquid nitrogen…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Esteban Garzón , Raffaele De Rose , Felice Crupi , Lionel Trojman , Adam Teman , Marco Lanuzza

Memory devices operating due to the fast proton transfer (PT) process are proposed by means of the first-principles calculations. Writing an information is performed using the electrostatic potential of the scanning tunneling microscopy…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-11-26 Malgorzata Wierzbowska

The straintronic magnetic tunnel junction (s-MTJ) is an MTJ whose resistance state can be changed continuously or gradually from high to low with a gate voltage that generates strain the magnetostrictive soft layer. This unusual feature,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-03-04 Supriyo Bandyopadhyay

We propose a field-free switching SOT-MRAM concept that is integration friendly and allows for separate optimization of the field component and SOT/MTJ stack properties. We demonstrate it on a 300 mm wafer, using CMOS-compatible processes,…