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In this paper, we present a resistive switching memristor cell for implementing universal logic gates. The cell has a weighted control input whose resistance is set based on a control signal that generalizes the operational regime from NAND…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2016-09-19 Akshay Kumar Maan , Alex Pappachen James

True random number generator (TRNG) plays a vital role in a variety of security applications and protocols. The security and privacy of an asset rely on the encryption, which solely depends on the quality of random numbers. Memory chips are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-03-27 B. M. S. Bahar Talukder , Joseph Kerns , Biswajit Ray , Thomas Morris , Md Tauhidur Rahman

Spin-Transfer Torque Magnetic RAM (STT-MRAM) as one of the most promising replacements for SRAMs in on-chip cache memories benefits from higher density and scalability, near-zero leakage power, and non-volatility, but its reliability is…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Elham Cheshmikhani , Hamed Farbeh , Hossein Asadi

Antiferromagnetic Tunnel Junctions (AFMTJs) offer picosecond switching and high integration density for in-memory computing, but their ultrafast dynamics and low tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) make state-of-the-art MRAM interfaces…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Yousuf Choudhary , Tosiron Adegbija

We demonstrate for the first time full-scale integration of top-pinned perpendicular MTJ on 300 mm wafer using CMOS-compatible processes for spin-orbit torque (SOT)-MRAM architectures. We show that 62 nm devices with a W-based SOT…

In contrast to Shannon transmission codes, the size of identification (ID) codes for discrete memoryless channels (DMCs) experiences doubly exponential growth with the block length when randomized encoding is used. Additional enhancements…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Yaning Zhao , Wafa Labidi , Holger Boche , Eduard Jorswieck , Christian Deppe

Resistive random-access memory (RRAM) is gaining popularity due to its ability to offer computing within the memory and its non-volatile nature. The unique properties of RRAM, such as binary switching, multi-state switching, and device…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Simranjeet Singh , Farhad Merchant , Sachin Patkar

Voltage-induced dynamic switching in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) is a writing technique for voltage-controlled magnetoresistive random access memory (VCMRAM), which is expected to be an ultimate non-volatile memory with ultra-low power…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-11-15 Rie Matsumoto , Shinji Yuasa , Hiroshi Imamura

Analog Content Addressable Memories (aCAMs) have proven useful for associative in-memory computing applications like Decision Trees, Finite State Machines, and Hyper-dimensional Computing. While non-volatile implementations using FeFETs and…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Paul-Philipp Manea , Nathan Leroux , Emre Neftci , John Paul Strachan

Resistive switching devices, important for emerging memory and neuromorphic applications, face significant challenges related to control of delicate filamentary states in the oxide material. As a device switches, its rapid conductivity…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-05-19 T. Hennen , E. Wichmann , A. Elias , J. Lille , O. Mosendz , R. Waser , D. J. Wouters , D. Bedau

The Transformer architecture, underpinned by the self-attention mechanism, has become the de facto standard for sequence modeling tasks. However, its core computational primitive scales quadratically with sequence length (O(N^2)), creating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Rishiraj Acharya

Power consumption is the main limitation in the development of new high performance random access memory for portable electronic devices. Magnetic RAM (MRAM) with CoFeB/MgO based magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) is a promising candidate for…

Herein, a bit-wise Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) in-memory accelerator is implemented using Spin-Orbit Torque Magnetic Random Access Memory (SOT-MRAM) computational sub-arrays. It utilizes a novel AND-Accumulation method capable of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-18 Arman Roohi , Shaahin Angizi , Deliang Fan , Ronald F DeMara

We investigated the low temperature performance of CoFeB/MgO based perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (pMTJs) by characterizing their quasi-static switching voltage, high speed pulse write error rate and endurance down to 9 K. pMTJ…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-01-29 Lili Lang , Yujie Jiang , Fei Lu , Cailu Wang , Yizhang Chen , Andrew D. Kent , Li Ye

Superconducting electronics represents a promising technology, offering not only efficient integration with quantum computing systems, but also the potential for significant power reduction in high-performance computing. Nonetheless, the…

Superconductivity · Physics 2025-03-24 Leon Ruf , Angelo Di Bernardo , Elke Scheer

The increasing computational demand of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) necessitates energy-efficient acceleration strategies. Compute-in-Memory (CIM) architectures based on Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) offer a promising…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-25 José Cubero-Cascante , Rebecca Pelke , Noah Flohr , Arunkumar Vaidyanathan , Rainer Leupers , Jan Moritz Joseph

Development of memory devices with ultimate performance has played a key role in innovation of modern electronics. As a mainstream technology nonvolatile memory devices have manifested high capacity and mechanical reliability, however…

As a promising alternative to the Von Neumann architecture, in-memory computing holds the promise of delivering high computing capacity while consuming low power. Content addressable memory (CAM) can implement pattern matching and distance…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-07-10 Zijing Zhao , Junzhe Kang , Ashwin Tunga , Hojoon Ryu , Ankit Shukla , Shaloo Rakheja , Wenjuan Zhu

The ramp-reversal memory (RRM) effect in metal-insulator transition metal oxides (TMOs), a non-volatile resistance change induced by repeated temperature cycling, has attracted considerable interest in neuromorphic computing and…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-11-20 Y. Sun , M. Alzate Banguero , P. Salev , Ivan K. Schuller , L. Aigouy , A. Zimmers , E. W. Carlson

Due to increasing cache sizes and large leakage consumption of SRAM device, conventional SRAM caches contribute significantly to the processor power consumption. Recently researchers have used non-volatile memory devices to design caches,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2014-05-01 Sparsh Mittal