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Style transfer aims to rewrite a source text in a different target style while preserving its content. We propose a novel approach to this task that leverages generic resources, and without using any task-specific parallel (source-target)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Huiyuan Lai , Antonio Toral , Malvina Nissim

This paper focuses on style transfer on the basis of non-parallel text. This is an instance of a broad family of problems including machine translation, decipherment, and sentiment modification. The key challenge is to separate the content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-11-07 Tianxiao Shen , Tao Lei , Regina Barzilay , Tommi Jaakkola

Style transfer is the task of rewriting a sentence into a target style while approximately preserving content. While most prior literature assumes access to a large style-labelled corpus, recent work (Riley et al. 2021) has attempted…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Kalpesh Krishna , Deepak Nathani , Xavier Garcia , Bidisha Samanta , Partha Talukdar

We present Style Matching Score (SMS), a novel optimization method for image stylization with diffusion models. Balancing effective style transfer with content preservation is a long-standing challenge. Unlike existing efforts, our method…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Yuxin Jiang , Liming Jiang , Shuai Yang , Jia-Wei Liu , Ivor Tsang , Mike Zheng Shou

Artistic style transfer is the problem of synthesizing an image with content similar to a given image and style similar to another. Although recent feed-forward neural networks can generate stylized images in real-time, these models produce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-11-22 Mohammad Babaeizadeh , Golnaz Ghiasi

Style is an integral component of a sentence indicated by the choice of words a person makes. Different people have different ways of expressing themselves, however, they adjust their speaking and writing style to a social context, an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Martina Toshevska , Sonja Gievska

Measuring the performance of natural language processing models is challenging. Traditionally used metrics, such as BLEU and ROUGE, originally devised for machine translation and summarization, have been shown to suffer from low correlation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Kathrin Blagec , Georg Dorffner , Milad Moradi , Simon Ott , Matthias Samwald

Text style transfer involves rewriting the content of a source sentence in a target style. Despite there being a number of style tasks with available data, there has been limited systematic discussion of how text style datasets relate to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-19 Stephanie Schoch , Wanyu Du , Yangfeng Ji

Style transfer is a problem of rendering image with some content in the style of another image, for example a family photo in the style of a painting of some famous artist. The drawback of classical style transfer algorithm is that it…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Alexey Schekalev , Victor Kitov

Word error rate (WER) as a metric has a variety of limitations that have plagued the field of speech recognition. Evaluation datasets suffer from varying style, formality, and inherent ambiguity of the transcription task. In this work, we…

Expressing in language is subjective. Everyone has a different style of reading and writing, apparently it all boil downs to the way their mind understands things (in a specific format). Language style transfer is a way to preserve the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-12 Ayush Singh , Ritu Palod

Style transfer methods produce a transferred image which is a rendering of a content image in the manner of a style image. There is a rich literature of variant methods. However, evaluation procedures are qualitative, mostly involving user…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-04-03 Mao-Chuang Yeh , Shuai Tang , Anand Bhattad , D. A. Forsyth

Style is an integral part of natural language. However, evaluation methods for style measures are rare, often task-specific and usually do not control for content. We propose the modular, fine-grained and content-controlled similarity-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Anna Wegmann , Dong Nguyen

Despite notable advances in large language models (LLMs), reliable evaluation of text generation tasks such as text style transfer (TST) remains an open challenge. Existing research has shown that automatic metrics often correlate poorly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Vitaly Protasov , Nikolay Babakov , Daryna Dementieva , Alexander Panchenko

Style transfer has been widely applied to give real-world images a new artistic look. However, given a stylized image, the attempts to use typical style transfer methods for de-stylization or transferring it again into another style usually…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Hung-Yu Chen , I-Sheng Fang , Wei-Chen Chiu

The evaluation of text simplification (TS) systems remains an open challenge. As the task has common points with machine translation (MT), TS is often evaluated using MT metrics such as BLEU. However, such metrics require high quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-01-31 Louis Martin , Samuel Humeau , Pierre-Emmanuel Mazaré , Antoine Bordes , Éric Villemonte de La Clergerie , Benoît Sagot

Multi-Style Transfer (MST) intents to capture the high-level visual vocabulary of different styles and expresses these vocabularies in a joint model to transfer each specific style. Recently, Style Embedding Learning (SEL) based methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-26 Hongmin Xu , Qiang Li , Wenbo Zhang , Wen Zheng

Neural Style Transfer (NST) has quickly evolved from single-style to infinite-style models, also known as Arbitrary Style Transfer (AST). Although appealing results have been widely reported in literature, our empirical studies on four…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Jiaxin Cheng , Ayush Jaiswal , Yue Wu , Pradeep Natarajan , Prem Natarajan

Style transfer involves transferring the style from a reference image to the content of a target image. Recent advancements in LoRA-based (Low-Rank Adaptation) methods have shown promise in effectively capturing the style of a single image.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Bolin Chen , Baoquan Zhao , Haoran Xie , Yi Cai , Qing Li , Xudong Mao

Automated evaluation metrics as a stand-in for manual evaluation are an essential part of the development of text-generation tasks such as text summarization. However, while the field has progressed, our standard metrics have not -- for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-15 Manik Bhandari , Pranav Gour , Atabak Ashfaq , Pengfei Liu , Graham Neubig