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Recent radio astronomical observations have revealed that HC$_{5}$N, the second shortest cyanopolyyne (HC$_{2n+1}$N), is abundant around some massive young stellar objects (MYSOs), which is not predicted by classical carbon-chain chemistry.…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-08-21 Kotomi Taniguchi , Eric Herbst , Paola Caselli , Alec Paulive , Dominique M. Maffucci , Masao Saito

HCN is a molecule central to interstellar chemistry, since it is the simplest molecule containing a carbon-nitrogen bond and its solid state chemistry is rich. The aim of this work was to study the NH3 + HCN -> NH4+CN- thermal reaction in…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 J. A. Noble , P. Theule , F. Borget , G. Danger , M. Chomat , F. Duvernay , F. Mispelaer , T. Chiavassa

The reaction between carbon atoms and vinyl cyanide, CH2CHCN, is a formation route to interstellar 3-cyano propargyl radical, CH2C3N, a species that has recently been discovered in space. The 1-cyano propargyl radical (HC3HCN), an isomer of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-11-01 C. Cabezas , M. Nakajima , C. H. Chang , M. Agundez , Y. Endo , J. Cernicharo

In recent years we have seen an important increase in the number of protonated molecules detected in cold dense clouds. Here we report the detection in TMC-1 of HCCNCH+, the protonated form of HCCNC, which is a metastable isomer of HC3N.…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-03-30 M. Agundez , C. Cabezas , N. Marcelino , R. Fuentetaja , B. Tercero , P. de Vicente , J. Cernicharo

In this work, we identify carbodiimide (HNCNH), which is an isomer of the well-known interstellar species cyanamide (NH2CN), in weak maser emission, using data from the GBT PRIMOS survey toward Sgr B2(N). All spectral lines observed are in…

Glycine-the simplest amino acid-has remained undetected in the interstellar medium despite decades of sensitive searches, motivating alternative approaches to constrain its astrochemical origin. A promising strategy is to investigate the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-11 Chunguo Duan , Fengwei Xu , Jun Kang , Qian Gou , Xuefang Xu , Laurent Pagani , Jiaxin Du , Xi Chen

Using radio observations with the Green Bank Telescope, evidence has now been found for a second five-membered ring in the dense cloud Taurus Molecular Cloud-1 (TMC-1). Based on additional observations of an ongoing, large-scale,…

Aminoacetonitrile (AAN), also known as glycinenitrile, has been suggested as a possible precursor of glycine and adenine in the interstellar medium. Here we present the chemical modeling of AAN and its isomers in hot cores using the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-08-22 Xia Zhang , Donghui Quan , Xiaohu Li , Jarken Esimbek , Fangfang Li , Yan Zhou , Dalei Li

The study of cyclic hydrocarbons is of utmost relevance in current astrochemical research, as they are considered to be among the most significant reservoirs of carbon in the interstellar medium. However, while unsaturated cyclic…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-05-07 Mario Largo , Miguel Sanz-Novo , Pilar Redondo

Quantum chemical cluster calculations show that reactions of C$^+$ with HCN or HNC embedded in the surface of an icy grain mantle can account for the formation of a recently detected molecule, glycolonitrile, which is considered to be an…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-01-13 David E. Woon

Cyanamide is one of the few interstellar molecules containing two chemically different N atoms. It was detected recently toward the solar-type protostar IRAS 16293-2422 B together with H$_2$N$^{13}$CN and HDNCN in the course of the Atacama…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-03-13 A. Coutens , O. Zakharenko , F. Lewen , J. K. Jørgensen , S. Schlemmer , H. S. P. Müller

The ${\rm H_2NC}$ radical is the high-energy metastable isomer of ${\rm H_2CN}$ radical, which has been recently detected for the first time in the interstellar medium towards a handful of cold galactic sources, besides a warm galaxy in…

The radiolysis of a nitrogen-acetone mixture, condensed at 11 K, by 40 MeV $^{58}$Ni$^{11+}$ ions is studied. These results are representative of studies concerning solar system objects exposed to cosmic rays. In the Kuiper Belt, region of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-12-06 A. L. F. de Barros , D. P. P. Andrade , E. F. da Silveira , K. F. Alcantara , P. Boduch , H. Rothard

It is long debated if pre-biotic molecules are indeed present in the interstellar medium. Despite substantial works pointing to their existence, pre-biotic molecules are yet to be discovered with a complete confidence. In this paper, our…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-04-27 Sandip K. Chakrabarti , Liton Majumdar , Ankan Das , Sonali Chakrabarti

Aims: Interstellar molecules form early in the evolutionary sequence of interstellar material that eventually forms stars and planets. To understand this evolutionary sequence, it is important to characterize the chemical composition of its…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-04-07 V. Wakelam , P. Gratier , M. Ruaud , R. Le Gal , L. Majumdar , J. -C. Loison , K. M. Hickson

Interstellar complex organic molecules (iCOMs) are assumed to be mainly formed on dust-grain surfaces. However, neutral gas-phase reactions in the interstellar medium (ISM) can play an important role. In this paper, by investigating the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-09-09 F. Tonolo , J. Lupi , C. Puzzarini , V. Barone

In the interstellar medium, the amide-type molecules play an important role in the formation of the prebiotic molecules in the hot molecular cores or high-mass star formation regions. The complex amide-related molecule cyanamide…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-11-02 Arijit Manna , Sabyasachi Pal

Astrochemistry lies at the nexus of astronomy, chemistry, and molecular physics. On the basis of precise laboratory data, a rich collection of more than 200 familiar and exotic molecules have been identified in the interstellar medium, the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-03-18 Michael C. McCarthy , Brett A. McGuire

Cyanamide (NH2CN) and its isomer, carbodiimide (HNCNH), may form adenine in the interstellar medium (ISM) via a series of reactions. Therefore, they are considered key prebiotic molecules in the study of the origin of life. We used the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-03-06 Xia Zhang , Donghui Quan , Runxia Li , Jarken Esimbek , Long-Fei Chen , Guoming Zhao , Yan Zhou

Current gas phase models do not account for the abundances of HNCO isomers detected in various environments, suggesting a formation in icy grain mantles. We attempted to study a formation channel of HNCO and its possible isomers by…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2014-07-07 A. Jiménez-Escobar , B. M. Giuliano , G. M. Muñoz Caro , J. Cernicharo , N. Marcelino