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The Strahler number of a rooted tree is the largest height of a perfect binary tree that is its minor. The Strahler number of a parity game is proposed to be defined as the smallest Strahler number of the tree of any of its attractor…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Laure Daviaud , Marcin Jurdziński , K. S. Thejaswini

Unambiguous non-deterministic finite automata have intermediate expressive power and succinctness between deterministic and non-deterministic automata. It has been conjectured that every unambiguous non-deterministic one-way finite…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-02-15 Michael Raskin

This work is a study of the expressive power of unambiguity in the case of automata over infinite trees. An automaton is called unambiguous if it has at most one accepting run on every input, the language of such an automaton is called an…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-04-23 Michał Skrzypczak

We present an efficient algorithm for checking language equivalence of states in top-down deterministic finite tree automata (DFTAs). Unlike string automata, tree automata operate over hierarchical structures, posing unique challenges for…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Zhibo Deng , Vladimir A. Zakharov

We consider the complexity of equivalence and learning for multiplicity tree automata, i.e., weighted tree automata over a field. We first show that the equivalence problem is logspace equivalent to polynomial identity testing, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-12-01 Ines Marusic , James Worrell

We study alternating good-for-games (GFG) automata, i.e., alternating automata where both conjunctive and disjunctive choices can be resolved in an online manner, without knowledge of the suffix of the input word still to be read. We show…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Udi Boker , Denis Kuperberg , Karoliina Lehtinen , Michał Skrzypczak

We study the inverse power index problem for weighted voting games: the problem of finding a weighted voting game in which the power of the players is as close as possible to a certain target distribution. Our goal is to find algorithms…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2013-07-02 Bart de Keijzer , Tomas B. Klos , Yingqian Zhang

Probabilistic automata are an extension of nondeterministic finite automata in which transitions are annotated with probabilities. Despite its simplicity, this model is very expressive and many of the associated algorithmic questions are…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-05-20 Nathanaël Fijalkow , Cristian Riveros , James Worrell

Parys has recently proposed a quasi-polynomial version of Zielonka's recursive algorithm for solving parity games. In this brief note we suggest a variation of his algorithm that improves the complexity to meet the state-of-the-art…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-06-06 Karoliina Lehtinen , Sven Schewe , Dominik Wojtczak

The parity index problem of tree automata asks, given a regular tree language $L$ and a set of priorities $J$, is $L$ $J$-feasible, that is, recognised by a nondeterministic parity automaton with priorities $J$? This is a long-standing open…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Olivier Idir , Karoliina Lehtinen

Semiautomata form a rich class of sequence-processing algorithms with applications in natural language processing, robotics, computational biology, and data mining. We establish the first Statistical Query hardness result for semiautomata…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 George Giapitzakis , Kimon Fountoulakis , Eshaan Nichani , Jason D. Lee

Hyper-minimization is a state reduction technique that allows a finite change in the semantics. The theory for hyper-minimization of deterministic weighted tree automata is provided. The presence of weights slightly complicates the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-05-23 Andreas Maletti , Daniel Quernheim

In a mean-payoff parity game, one of the two players aims both to achieve a qualitative parity objective and to minimize a quantitative long-term average of payoffs (aka. mean payoff). The game is zero-sum and hence the aim of the other…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-15 Laure Daviaud , Marcin Jurdzinski , Ranko Lazic

We introduce an automata model for data words, that is words that carry at each position a symbol from a finite alphabet and a value from an unbounded data domain. The model is (semantically) a restriction of data automata, introduced by…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Ahmet Kara , Thomas Schwentick , Tony Tan

Deciding in an efficient way weak probabilistic bisimulation in the context of Probabilistic Automata is an open problem for about a decade. In this work we close this problem by proposing a procedure that checks in polynomial time the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2012-07-17 Holger Hermanns , Andrea Turrini

We introduce the notion of adaptive synchronisation for pushdown automata, in which there is an external observer who has no knowledge about the current state of the pushdown automaton, but can observe the contents of the stack. The…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-16 A. R. Balasubramanian , K. S. Thejaswini

We construct a hierarchy of regular languages such that the current language in the hierarchy can be accepted by 1-way quantum finite automata with a probability smaller than the corresponding probability for the preceding language in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Andris Ambainis , Richard Bonner , Rusins Freivalds , Arnolds Kikusts

We compare pushdown automata (PDAs for short) against other representations. First, we show that there is a family of PDAs over a unary alphabet with $n$ states and $p \geq 2n + 4$ stack symbols that accepts one single long word for which…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-06-27 Pierre Ganty , Elena Gutiérrez

We introduce a certain restriction of weighted automata over the rationals, called image-binary automata. We show that such automata accept the regular languages, can be exponentially more succinct than corresponding NFAs, and allow for…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Stefan Kiefer , Cas Widdershoven

The notion of separating automata was introduced by Bojanczyk and Czerwinski for understanding the first quasipolynomial time algorithm for parity games. In this paper we show that separating automata is a powerful tool for constructing…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Ashwani Anand , Nathanaël Fijalkow , Aliénor Goubault-Larrecq , Jérôme Leroux , Pierre Ohlmann