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Machine learning for procedural content generation has recently become an active area of research. Levels vary in both form and function and are mostly unrelated to each other across games. This has made it difficult to assemble suitably…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Philip Bontrager , Julian Togelius

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are a machine learning approach capable of generating novel example outputs across a space of provided training examples. Procedural Content Generation (PCG) of levels for video games could benefit…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-03 Vanessa Volz , Jacob Schrum , Jialin Liu , Simon M. Lucas , Adam Smith , Sebastian Risi

With increasing interest in procedural content generation by academia and game developers alike, it is vital that different approaches can be compared fairly. However, evaluating procedurally generated video game levels is often difficult,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Michael Beukman , Steven James , Christopher Cleghorn

Procedural Content Generation via Reinforcement Learning (PCGRL) offers a method for training controllable level designer agents without the need for human datasets, using metrics that serve as proxies for level quality as rewards. Existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Sam Earle , Zehua Jiang , Eugene Vinitsky , Julian Togelius

The automatic generation of game tutorials is a challenging AI problem. While it is possible to generate annotations and instructions that explain to the player how the game is played, this paper focuses on generating a gameplay experience…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-10-02 Michael Cerny Green , Ahmed Khalifa , Gabriella A. B. Barros , Andy Nealen , Julian Togelius

This paper focuses on procedurally generating rules and communicating them to players to adjust the difficulty. This is part of a larger project to collect and adapt games in educational games for young children using a digital puzzle game…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Thomas Volden , Djordje Grbic , Paolo Burelli

In this article, we present an experimental approach to using parameterized Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to produce levels for the puzzle game Lily's Garden. We extract two condition vectors from the real levels in an effort to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Andreas Hald , Jens Struckmann Hansen , Jeppe Kristensen , Paolo Burelli

Protecting against adversarial attacks is a common multiagent problem. Attackers in the real world are predominantly human actors, and the protection methods often incorporate opponent models to improve the performance when facing humans.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-29 David Milec , Viliam Lisý , Christopher Kiekintveld

This paper presents an architecture for generating music for video games based on the Transformer deep learning model. Our motivation is to be able to customize the generation according to the taste of the player, who can select a corpus of…

An ensemble inference mechanism is proposed on the Angry Birds domain. It is based on an efficient tree structure for encoding and representing game screenshots, where it exploits its enhanced modeling capability. This has the advantage to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-08-26 Nikolaos Tziortziotis , Georgios Papagiannis , Konstantinos Blekas

Balancing games, especially those with asymmetric multiplayer content, requires significant manual effort and extensive human playtesting during development. For this reason, this work focuses on generating balanced levels tailored to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Florian Rupp , Kai Eckert

Many games feature a progression of levels that doesn't adapt to the player. This can be problematic because some players may get stuck if the progression is too difficult, while others may find it boring if the progression is too slow to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-28 Colan F. Biemer , Seth Cooper

This paper studies how a domain-independent planner and combinatorial search can be employed to play Angry Birds, a well established AI challenge problem. To model the game, we use PDDL+, a planning language for mixed discrete/continuous…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Wiktor Piotrowski , Yoni Sher , Sachin Grover , Roni Stern , Shiwali Mohan

Performing tasks in a physical environment is a crucial yet challenging problem for AI systems operating in the real world. Physics simulation-based tasks are often employed to facilitate research that addresses this challenge. In this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Chathura Gamage , Vimukthini Pinto , Matthew Stephenson , Jochen Renz

In fighting games, individual players of the same skill level often exhibit distinct strategies from one another through their gameplay. Despite this, the majority of AI agents for fighting games have only a single strategy for each "level"…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Emily Halina , Matthew Guzdial

The increasing complexity of gameplay mechanisms in modern video games is leading to the emergence of a wider range of ways to play games. The variety of possible play-styles needs to be anticipated by designers, through automated tests.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Pierre Le Pelletier de Woillemont , Rémi Labory , Vincent Corruble

The design of video game levels is a complex and critical task. Levels need to elicit fun and challenge while avoiding frustration at all costs. In this paper, we present a framework to assist designers in the creation of levels for 2D…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-04-25 Antonio Umberto Aramini , Pier Luca Lanzi , Daniele Loiacono

Exploration is a key part of many video games. We investigate the using an exploratory agent to provide feedback on the design of procedurally generated game levels, 5 engaging levels and 5 unengaging levels. We expand upon a framework…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Bobby Khaleque , Mike Cook , Jeremy Gow

Using multiple agents was found to improve the debugging capabilities of Large Language Models. However, increasing the number of LLM-agents has several drawbacks such as increasing the running costs and rising the risk for the agents to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Yacine Majdoub , Eya Ben Charrada , Haifa Touati

We train a reinforcement learner to play a simplified version of the game Angry Birds. The learner is provided with a game state in a manner similar to the output that could be produced by computer vision algorithms. We improve on the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-01-08 Imanol Arrieta Ibarra , Bernardo Ramos , Lars Roemheld