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Consider a game where Alice generates an integer and Bob wins if he can factor that integer. Traditional game theory tells us that Bob will always win this game even though in practice Alice will win given our usual assumptions about the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2009-11-18 Lance Fortnow , Rahul Santhanam

We study a guessing game where Alice holds a discrete random variable $X$, and Bob tries to sequentially guess its value. Before the game begins, Bob can obtain side-information about $X$ by asking an oracle, Carole, any binary question of…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Natan Ardimanov , Ofer Shayevitz , Itzhak Tamo

As a consequence of Bell's theorem, the statistics of measurements on some entangled states cannot be simulated with local hidden variables alone. The amount of communication that must be supplied is an intuitive quantifier of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-17 Peter Sidajaya , Valerio Scarani

Game coloring is a well-studied two-player game in which each player properly colors one vertex of a graph at a time until all the vertices are colored. An `eternal' version of game coloring is introduced in this paper in which the vertices…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-04-17 William Klostermeyer , Hannah Mendoza

While many games were designed for steganography and robust watermarking, few focused on reversible watermarking. We present a two-encoder game related to the rate-distortion optimization of content-adaptive reversible watermarking. In the…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Hanzhou Wu , Xinpeng Zhang

In the context of multiplayer games, the parallel repetition problem can be phrased as follows: given a game $G$ with optimal winning probability $1-\alpha$ and its repeated version $G^n$ (in which $n$ games are played together, in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-09 Rotem Arnon , Renato Renner , Thomas Vidick

A binary constraint system game is a two-player one-round non-local game defined by a system of Boolean constraints. The game has a perfect quantum strategy if and only if the constraint system has a quantum satisfying assignment [R. Cleve…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-05 Zhengfeng Ji

We propose a new coloring game on a graph, called the independence coloring game, which is played by two players with opposite goals. The result of the game is a proper coloring of vertices of a graph $G$, and Alice's goal is that as few…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-03-26 Boštjan Brešar , Daša Štesl

This paper deals with graph colouring games, an example of pseudo-telepathy, in which two provers can convince a verifier that a graph $G$ is $c$-colourable where $c$ is less than the chromatic number of the graph. They win the game if they…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 David Avis , Jun Hasegawa , Yosuke Kikuchi , Yuuya Sasaki

Motivated by non-local games and quantum coloring problems, we introduce a graph homomorphism game between quantum graphs and classical graphs. This game is naturally cast as a "quantum-classical game"--that is, a non-local game of two…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2024-06-19 Michael Brannan , Priyanga Ganesan , Samuel J. Harris

A transmitter Alice may wish to reliably transmit a message to a receiver Bob over a binary symmetric channel (BSC), while simultaneously ensuring that her transmission is deniable from an eavesdropper Willie. That is, if Willie listening…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-07-12 Pak Hou Che , Mayank Bakshi , Sidharth Jaggi

In the recent years self-testing has grown into a rich and active area of study with applications ranging from practical verification of quantum devices to deep complexity theoretic results. Self-testing allows a classical verifier to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-12 Laura Mančinska , Simon Schmidt

A coloring of a matroid is proper if elements of the same color form an independent set. For a loopless matroid M, its chromatic number \chi(M) is the minimum number of colors that suffices to color properly the ground set E of M. In this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-02-02 Michał Lasoń

We give operational meaning to wave-particle duality in terms of discrimination games. Duality arises as a constraint on the probability of winning these games. The games are played with the aid of an n-port interferometer, and involve 3…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-07 Emilio Bagan , John Calsamiglia , Janos A. Bergou , Mark Hillery

We describe a simple scheme that allows an agent to learn about its environment in an unsupervised manner. Our scheme pits two versions of the same agent, Alice and Bob, against one another. Alice proposes a task for Bob to complete; and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-01 Sainbayar Sukhbaatar , Zeming Lin , Ilya Kostrikov , Gabriel Synnaeve , Arthur Szlam , Rob Fergus

In a two-player game, two cooperating but non communicating players, Alice and Bob, receive inputs taken from a probability distribution. Each of them produces an output and they win the game if they satisfy some predicate on their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-03 André Chailloux , Giannicola Scarpa

In this work we have introduced two party games with respective winning conditions. One cannot win these games deterministically in the classical world if they are not allowed to communicate at any stage of the game. Interestingly we find…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-19 Indranil Chakrabarty , B. S. Choudhury

We introduce a three-player nonlocal game, with a finite number of classical questions and answers, such that the optimal success probability of $1$ in the game can only be achieved in the limit of strategies using arbitrarily…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-28 Zhengfeng Ji , Debbie Leung , Thomas Vidick

A sequence of spin-1/2 particles polarised in one of two possible directions is presented to an experimenter, who can wager in a double-or-nothing game on the outcomes of measurements in freely chosen polarisation directions. Wealth is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-03 Bernhard K Meister , Henry C W Price

We formulate a series of non-trivial equalities which are satisfied by all no-signaling correlations, meaning that no faster-than-light communication is allowed with the resource of these correlations. All quantum and classical correlations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-01 He-Ming Wang , Heng-Yun Zhou , Liang-Zhu Mu , Heng Fan