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We analyse two party non-local games whose predicate requires Alice and Bob to generate matching bits, and their three party extensions where a third player receives all inputs and is required to output a bit that matches that of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-12 Enrique Cervero-Martín , Marco Tomamichel

The Mermin-Peres magic square game is a cooperative two-player nonlocal game in which shared quantum entanglement allows the players to win with certainty, while players limited to classical operations cannot do so, a phenomenon dubbed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-09-19 Alex Arkhipov

Entangled quantum systems can exhibit correlations that cannot be simulated classically. For historical reasons such correlations are called "Bell inequality violations." We give two new two-player games with Bell inequality violations that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-01 Harry Buhrman , Oded Regev , Giannicola Scarpa , Ronald de Wolf

In this paper we quantize the Card Game. In the classical version of this game, one player (Alice) can always win with propability 2/3. But when the other player (Bob) is allowed to apply quantum strategy, the original unfair game turns…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jiangfeng Du , Xiaodong Xu , Hui Li , Mingjun Shi , Xianyi Zhou , Rongdian Han

Alice and Bob take turns (with Alice playing first) in declaring numbers from the set $[1,2N]$. If a player declares a number that was previously declared, that player looses and the other player wins. If all numbers are declared without…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-01-24 Uriel Feige

We study a model of communication complexity that encompasses many well-studied problems, including classical and quantum communication complexity, the complexity of simulating distributions arising from bipartite measurements of shared…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-07-08 Julien Degorre , Marc Kaplan , Sophie Laplante , Jérémie Roland

Classifying the causal structure of quantum channels is essential for verifying quantum networks and certifying quantum resources. We introduce a characterization-free protocol enabling two isolated players, Alice and Bob, to classify and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-25 Masahito Hayashi , Longyang Cao , Baichu Yu , Yuan-Yuan Zhao

A graceful labeling of a graph $G$ with $m$ edges consists of labeling the vertices of $G$ with distinct integers from $0$ to $m$ such that, when each edge is assigned as induced label the absolute difference of the labels of its endpoints,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-05-12 Luisa Frickes , Simone Dantas , Atílio G. Luiz

Three different quantum cards which are non-orthogonal quantum bits are sent to two different players, Alice and Bob, randomly. Alice receives one of the three cards, and Bob receives the remaining two cards. We find that Bob could know…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Chih-Lung Chou , Li-Yi Hsu

In a two-player game, two cooperating but non communicating players, Alice and Bob, receive inputs taken from a probability distribution. Each of them produces an output and they win the game if they satisfy some predicate on their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-02-22 André Chailloux , Giannicola Scarpa

What happen in the brain when human beings play games with computers? Here a simple zero-sum game was conducted to investigate how people make decision via their brain even they know that their opponent is a computer. There are two choices…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2017-07-06 Jia Quan Shen , Luo-Luo Jiang

We deal with a graph colouring problem that arises in quantum information theory. Alice and Bob are each given a $\pm1$-vector of length $k$, and are to respond with $k$ bits. Their responses must be equal if they are given equal inputs,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 C. D. Godsil , M. W. Newman

N players are randomly fitted with a colored hat (q different colors). All players guess simultaneously the color of their own hat observing only the hat colors of the other N-1 players. The team wins if all players guess right. No…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-02-25 Theo van Uem

We study a new QKD that is different from the scheme proposed by \cite{Ramz2}, though it essentially takes our ground on three-player quantum games and Greenberg-Horne-Zeilinger triplet entangled state (GHZ state) \cite{Gree} is used. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-03-13 Norihito Toyota

We study the following combinatorial game played by two players, Alice and Bob, which generalizes the Pizza game considered by Brown, Winkler and others. Given a connected graph G with nonnegative weights assigned to its vertices, the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2013-08-07 Josef Cibulka , Jan Kynčl , Viola Mészáros , Rudolf Stolař , Pavel Valtr

The AB~Game is a game similar to the popular game Mastermind. We study a version of this game called Static Black-Peg AB~Game. It is played by two players, the codemaker and the codebreaker. The codemaker creates a so-called secret by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-10-11 Gerold Jäger , Frank Drewes

Quantum pseudotelepathy is a strong form of nonlocality. Different from the conventional non-local games where quantum strategies win statistically, e.g., the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt game, quantum pseudotelepathy in principle allows…

In this paper we investigate the game chromatic number for complete multipartite graphs. We devise several strategies for Alice, and one strategy for Bob, and we prove their optimality in all complete multipartite graphs with no singletons.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-07-25 Paweł Obszarski , Krzysztof Turowski , Hubert Zięba

In this work, we consider "decision" variants of a monogamy-of-entanglement game by Tomamichel, Fehr, Kaniewski, and Wehner [New Journal of Physics '13]. In its original "search" variant, Alice prepares a (possibly entangled) state on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Andrea Coladangelo , Qipeng Liu , Ziyi Xie

We consider a simple streaming game between two players Alice and Bob, which we call the mirror game. In this game, Alice and Bob take turns saying numbers belonging to the set $\{1, 2, \dots,2N\}$. A player loses if they repeat a number…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-10-10 Sumegha Garg , Jon Schneider