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In this paper, we generalize the notion of the $C$-numerical range of a matrix to operators in arbitrary tracial von Neumann algebras. For each self-adjoint operator $C$, the $C$-numerical range of such an operator is defined; it is a…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2019-02-08 Ken Dykema , Paul Skoufranis

We prove that convex ternary quartic forms are sum-of-squares-convex (sos-convex). This result is in a meaningful sense the ``convex analogue'' a celebrated theorem of Hilbert from 1888, where he proves that nonnegative ternary quartic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-24 Amir Ali Ahmadi , Grigoriy Blekherman , Pablo A. Parrilo

In this paper, we give the complete structures of the equivalence canonical form of four matrices over an arbitrary division ring. As applications, we derive some practical necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability to some…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2017-02-03 Zhuo-Heng He , Qing-Wen Wang , Yang Zhang

Let $L$ be a degree $2$ Galois extension of the field $K$ and $M$ an $n\times n$ matrix with coefficients in $L$. Let $\langle \ ,\ \rangle : L^n\times L^n\to L$ be the sesquilinear form associated to the involution $\sigma: L\to L$ fixing…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2016-11-21 E. Ballico

Almost hypercomplex manifolds with Hermitian and Norden metrics and more specially the corresponding quaternionic Kaehler manifolds are considered. Some necessary and sufficient conditions the investigated manifolds be isotropic…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2014-04-15 Mancho Manev

This paper discusses the left and right ranks of quaternion matrices with Hankel structure. While they are in general different for arbitrary quaternion matrices, we show that the left and right ranks of quaternion Hankel matrices are…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2026-05-13 Philippe Flores , Julien Flamant , Nicolas Le Bihan

This paper presents necessary, sufficient, and equivalent conditions for the spherical convexity of non-homogeneous quadratic functions. In addition to motivating this study and identifying useful criteria for determining whether such…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-12 R. Bolton , S. Z. Németh

In this article, we are going to search for $n\times n$ matrices $A$ and $B$ such that their generalized numerical range $$W_A(B)=\{tr(AU^*BU) \ :\ U^*U=UU^*=I\}$$ is convex. More specifically, we consider $A=\hat{A}\oplus I_k$ and…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2016-12-16 Wai-Shun Cheung

Kippenhahn discovered that the numerical range of a complex square matrix is the convex hull of a plane real algebraic curve. Here, we present an example of a convex set, which has a similar algebraic description as the numerical range,…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2023-09-01 Stephan Weis

What does it mean for a shape to change continuously? Over the space of convex regions, there is only one "reasonable" answer. However, over a broader class of regions, such as the class of star-shaped regions, there can be many different…

General Topology · Mathematics 2021-09-21 Ernest Davis

Conditions are established for rank three partial isometries to have circular components contained in their Kippenhahn curves. In particular, such matrices with circular numerical ranges are described. It is also established that the…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-21 Nikita Popov , Eric Shen , Ilya M. Spitkovsky

In the present paper, we provide several inequalities for the generalized numerical radius of operator matrices as introduced by A. Abu-omar and F. Kittaneh in [3]. We generalize the convexity and the log-convexity results obtained by M.…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2020-04-22 H. Abbas , S. Harb , H. Issa

This paper establishes new upper bounds for the right eigenvalues of monic matrix polynomials over the quaternion division algebra. The noncommutative nature of quaternion multiplication presents fundamental challenges in eigenvalue…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2026-04-17 Ovaisa Jan , Idrees Qasim

In this article, we determine the radius of univalence of sections of normalized univalent harmonic mappings for which the range is convex (resp. starlike, close-to-convex, convex in one direction). Our result on the radius of univalence of…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2017-01-24 Saminathan Ponnusamy , Anbareeswaran Sairam Kaliraj , Victor V. Starkov

We establish an explicit criterion for determining whether a $4 \times 4$ upper-triangular matrix is a contraction with respect to the Euclidean operator norm.

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-06-17 Axel Renard

In an attempt to progress towards proving the conjecture the numerical range W (A) is a 2--spectral set for the matrix A, we propose a study of various constants. We review some partial results, many problems are still open. We describe our…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2016-01-26 Michel Crouzeix

A complete description of 4-by-4 matrices $\begin{bmatrix}\alpha I & C \\D & \beta I\end{bmatrix}$, with scalar 2-by-2 diagonal blocks, for which the numerical range is the convex hull of two non-concentric ellipses is given. This result is…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2020-09-02 Titas Geryba , Ilya M. Spitkovsky

The purpose of this paper is to derive the Hoffman-Wielandt inequality and its generalization for quaternion matrices. Diagonalizability of the block companion matrix of certain quadratic (linear) quaternion matrix polynomials is brought…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-13 Pallavi Basavaraju , Shrinath Hadimani , Sachindranath Jayaraman

The present paper is concerned with Lipschitz properties of convex mappings. One considers the general context of mappings defined on an open convex subset $\Omega$ of a locally convex space $X$ and taking values in a locally convex space…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2017-01-12 S. Cobzaş

We generalise the Elliptical Range Theorem to characterise the numerical range of matrices belonging to a subspace of the space of \(3 \times 3\) matrices. Using Specht's Theorem, which characterizes when two matrices are unitarily…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-08 Ryan O'Loughlin