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In-context learning (ICL) is a valuable capability exhibited by Transformers pretrained on diverse sequence tasks. However, previous studies have observed that ICL often conflicts with the model's inherent in-weight learning (IWL) ability.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Guanyu Chen , Ruichen Wang , Tianren Zhang , Feng Chen

With the rising popularity of Transformer-based large language models (LLMs), reducing their high inference costs has become a significant research focus. One effective approach is to compress the long input contexts. Existing methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Xiangfeng Wang , Zaiyi Chen , Zheyong Xie , Tong Xu , Yongyi He , Enhong Chen

In-context learning, where pre-trained language models learn to perform tasks from task examples and instructions in their contexts, has attracted much attention in the NLP community. However, the ability of in-context learning is not fully…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Yuxian Gu , Li Dong , Furu Wei , Minlie Huang

In-context learning (ICL) emerges as a promising capability of large language models (LLMs) by providing them with demonstration examples to perform diverse tasks. However, the underlying mechanism of how LLMs learn from the provided…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Lean Wang , Lei Li , Damai Dai , Deli Chen , Hao Zhou , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou , Xu Sun

Transformers exhibit In-Context Learning (ICL), where these models solve new tasks by using examples in the prompt without additional training. In our work, we identify and analyze two key components of ICL: (1) context-scaling, where model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Amirhesam Abedsoltan , Adityanarayanan Radhakrishnan , Jingfeng Wu , Mikhail Belkin

Current approaches to incorporating terminology constraints in machine translation (MT) typically assume that the constraint terms are provided in their correct morphological forms. This limits their application to real-world scenarios…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-11 Weijia Xu , Marine Carpuat

Morphological reinflection is the task of generating a target form given a source form, a source tag and a target tag. We propose a new way of modeling this task with neural encoder-decoder models. Our approach reduces the amount of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-06-03 Katharina Kann , Hinrich Schütze

In recent years, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable progress on a wide range of multimodal benchmarks. Despite these advances, most existing benchmarks mainly focus on single-image or multi-image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Bingli Wang , Huanze Tang , Haijun Lv , Zhishan Lin , Lixin Gu , Lei Feng , Qipeng Guo , Kai Chen

Human translators routinely have to translate rare inflections of words - due to the Zipfian distribution of words in a language. When translating from Spanish, a good translator would have no problem identifying the proper translation of a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-23 Paula Czarnowska , Sebastian Ruder , Edouard Grave , Ryan Cotterell , Ann Copestake

We explore the task of multi-source morphological reinflection, which generalizes the standard, single-source version. The input consists of (i) a target tag and (ii) multiple pairs of source form and source tag for a lemma. The motivation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-01-24 Katharina Kann , Ryan Cotterell , Hinrich Schütze

Speech foundation models have recently demonstrated the ability to perform Speech In-Context Learning (SICL). Selecting effective in-context examples is crucial for SICL performance, yet selection methodologies remain underexplored. In this…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-18 Haolong Zheng , Yekaterina Yegorova , Mark Hasegawa-Johnson

This paper explores the elusive mechanism underpinning in-context learning in Large Language Models (LLMs). Our work provides a novel perspective by examining in-context learning via the lens of surface repetitions. We quantitatively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Jianhao Yan , Jin Xu , Chiyu Song , Chenming Wu , Yafu Li , Yue Zhang

Bimodal software analysis initially appeared to be within reach with the advent of large language models. Unfortunately, the complex interplay of natural language text and code in software engineering, presents unique challenges that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Xunzhu Tang , Liran Wang , Yonghui Liu , Linzheng Chai , Jian Yang , Zhoujun Li , Haoye Tian , Jacques Klein , Tegawende F. Bissyande

Many recent language models (LMs) of Transformers family exhibit so-called in-context learning (ICL) ability, manifested in the LMs' ability to modulate their function by a task described in a natural language input. Previous work curating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Michal Štefánik , Marek Kadlčík

In this paper, the problem of recovery of morphological information lost in abbreviated forms is addressed with a focus on highly inflected languages. Evidence is presented that the correct inflected form of an expanded abbreviation can in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-29 Piotr Żelasko

LLM-based coding agents have shown strong performance on automated issue resolution benchmarks, yet existing evaluations largely focus on final task success, providing limited insight into how agents retrieve and use code context during…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Han Li , Letian Zhu , Bohan Zhang , Rili Feng , Jiaming Wang , Yue Pan , Earl T. Barr , Federica Sarro , Zhaoyang Chu , He Ye

A popular method to adapt large language models (LLMs) to new tasks is in-context learning (ICL), which is effective but incurs high inference costs as context length grows. In this paper we propose a method to perform instruction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Emily Xiao , Yixiao Zeng , Ada Chen , Chin-Jou Li , Amanda Bertsch , Graham Neubig

Multimodal entity linking plays a crucial role in a wide range of applications. Recent advances in large language model-based methods have become the dominant paradigm for this task, effectively leveraging both textual and visual modalities…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Ziyan Liu , Junwen Li , Kaiwen Li , Tong Ruan , Chao Wang , Xinyan He , Zongyu Wang , Xuezhi Cao , Jingping Liu

The outstanding performance of transformer-based language models on a great variety of NLP and NLU tasks has stimulated interest in exploring their inner workings. Recent research has focused primarily on higher-level and complex linguistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-06 Vladislav Mikhailov , Oleg Serikov , Ekaterina Artemova

Recent diffusion-based Multimodal Large Language Models (dMLLMs) suffer from high inference latency and therefore rely on caching techniques to accelerate decoding. However, the application of cache mechanisms often introduces undesirable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Qiyan Zhao , Xiaofeng Zhang , Shuochen Chang , Qianyu Chen , Xiaosong Yuan , Xuhang Chen , Luoqi Liu , Jiajun Zhang , Xu-Yao Zhang , Da-Han Wang