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Gigahertz (GHz) imaging using hard X-rays ($\gtrsim$ 10 keV) can be useful to high-temperature plasma experiments, as well as research using coherent photons from synchrotron radiation and X-ray free electron lasers. GHz framing rate can be…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-08-22 Zhehui Wang , C. L. Morris , J. S. Kapustinsky , K. Kwiatkowski , S. -N. Luo

A propagation-based x-ray phase-contrast imaging (PBI) setup using a conventional x-ray source (LFF Cu target) is presented. A virtual x-ray source of 40 x 50 $\mu$$m^2$ was created by using, horizontally, a $6^o$ take-off angle (with the…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-10-08 M. G. Hönnicke , E. M. Kakuno , J. Manica , C. Cusatis

When an X-ray is incident onto the silicon absorber array of a detector, it liberates a large number of electrons, which tend to diffuse outward into what is referred to as the charge cloud. This number can vary from tens to thousands…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-07-13 Evan Bray , Abraham Falcone , Samuel V. Hull , David N. Burrows

We propose a hybrid device consisting of a graphene/silicon (Gr/Si) Schottky diode in parallel with a Gr/SiO2/Si capacitor for high-performance photodetection. The device, fabricated by transfer of commercial graphene on low-doped n-type Si…

We describe a high resolution imaging detector based on a single 80 mm micro-channel-plate (MCP) and a phosphor screen mounted on a UHV flange of only 100 mm inner diameter. It relies on standard components and we describe its performance…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-05-30 Sylvain Lupone , Pierre Soulisse , Philippe Roncin

The PCI diagnostic is an internal reference interferometer that creates an image of absolutely calibrated electron density fluctuations integrated along the line of sight of the probing light beam. While conventional PCI diagnostics…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-10-18 Alessandro Marinoni , John Chris Rost , Miklos Porkolab

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides varying tissue contrast images of internal organs based on a strong magnetic field. Despite the non-invasive advantage of MRI in frequent imaging, the low contrast MR images in the target area make…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-11 Mohammad Hamghalam , Baiying Lei , Tianfu Wang

Phase contrast tomography is an alternative to classic absorption contrast tomography that leads to higher contrast reconstructions in many applications. We review how phase contrast data can be acquired by using a combination of phase and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2015-10-13 Nick Schenkels , Jan Sijbers , Wim van Aarle , Wim Vanroose

Material decomposition in X-ray imaging uses the energy-dependence of attenuation to virtually decompose an object into specific constituent materials. X-ray phase contrast imaging is a developing technique that can enhance image contrast…

We have fabricated UV-sensitive photodetectors based on colloidal CdS nanocrystals and graphene. The nanocrystals act as a sensitizer layer that improves light harvesting leading to high responsivity of the detector. Despite the slow…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-04-19 Davide Spirito , Stefan Kudera , Vaidotas Miseikis , Carlo Giansante , Camilla Coletti , Roman Krahne

The ill-posed problem of phase retrieval in optics, using one or more intensity measurements, has a multitude of applications using electromagnetic or matter waves. Many phase retrieval algorithms are computed on pixel arrays using discrete…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-21 J. A. Pollock , K. S. Morgan , L. C. P. Croton , M. K. Croughan , G. Ruben , N. Yagi , H. Sekiguchi , M. J. Kitchen

Neutron grating interferometry provides information on phase and small-angle scatter in addition to attenuation. Previously, phase grating moir\'e interferometers (PGMI) with two- or three-phase gratings have been developed. These…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-04-19 I. J. Hidrovo , J. Dey , H. Meyer , D. S. Hussey , N. N. Klimov , L. G. Butler , K. Ham , W. Newhauser

The main challenges posed by the design of future Positron Emission Tomography machines are the improvement of the spatial and timing resolution and the combined operation with magnetic resonance. The Micro Pixel Photon Counter by Hamamatsu…

Medical Physics · Physics 2008-05-06 N. D'Ascenzo , E. Garutti , M. Goettlich , H. C. Schultz-Coulon , A. Tadday

The Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) are low-cost charged-particle detectors with good timing resolution and potentially good spatial resolution. Using RPC as gamma detector provides an opportunity for application in positron emission…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2014-02-20 Zhou Weizheng , Shao Ming , Li Cheng , Chen Hongfang , Sun Yongjie , Chen Tianxiang

A novel composite, scintillating material intended for neutron detection and composed of small (1.5 mm) cubes of KG2-type lithium glass embedded in a matrix of scintillating plastic has been developed in the form of a 2.2 in.-diameter, 3.1…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-05-27 G. C. Rich , K. Kazkaz , H. P. Martinez , T. Gushue

We present a structured-illumination technique for full-field super-resolution transmission X-ray microscopy, which employs Fourier spectral decomposition inspired by established methods in visible-light microscopy. A 2D grating creating…

We have developed and successfully tested a prototype of a new type of high position resolution hybrid X-ray detector. It contains a thin wall lead glass capillary plate converter of X-rays combined with a microgap parallel-plate avalanche…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-06-26 C. Iacobaeus , T. Francke , B. Lund-Jensen , J. Ostling , P. Pavlopoulos , V. Peskov , F. Tokanai

A future compact and modular X and gamma-ray spectrometer (XGS) has been designed and a series of prototypes have been developed and tested. The experiment envisages the use of CsI scintillator bars read out at both ends by single-cell 25…

Over the last decade one of the most significant technological advances made in the field of radiation detectors for nuclear medicine was the development of Silicon Photomultipler (SiPM) sensors. At present a only small number of SiPM based…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-08-03 Jeremy M. C. Brown

FORCE is a Japan-US space-based astronomy mission for an X-ray imaging spectroscopy in an energy range of 1--80 keV. The Wideband Hybrid X-ray Imager (WHXI), which is the main focal plane detector, will use a hybrid semiconductor imager…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-08-26 Hiromasa Suzuki , Tsubasa Tamba , Hirokazu Odaka , Aya Bamba , Koichi Hagino , Ayaki Takeda , Koji Mori , Takahiro Hida , Masataka Yukumoto , Yusuke Nishioka , Takeshi G. Tsuru