Fabrication and characterization of a lithium-glass-based composite neutron detector

A novel composite, scintillating material intended for neutron detection and composed of small (1.5 mm) cubes of KG2-type lithium glass embedded in a matrix of scintillating plastic has been developed in the form of a 2.2 in.-diameter, 3.1 in.-tall cylindrical prototype loaded with $\left( 5.82 \pm 0.02 \right)\%$ lithium glass by mass. The response of the material when exposed to ${}^{252}$Cf fission neutrons and various $\gamma$-ray sources has been studied; using the charge-integration method for pulse shape discrimination, good separation between neutron and $\gamma$-ray events is observed and intrinsic efficiencies of $\left( 1.15 \pm 0.16 \right)\times 10^{-2}$ and $\left( 2.28 \pm 0.21 \right)\times 10^{-4}$ for ${}^{252}$Cf fission neutrons and ${}^{60}$Co $\gamma$ rays are obtained; an upper limit for the sensitivity to ${}^{137}$Cs $\gamma$ rays is determined to be $< 3.70 \times 10^{-8}$. The neutron/$\gamma$ discrimination capabilities are improved in circumstances when a neutron capture signal in the lithium glass can be detected in coincidence with a preceding elastic scattering event in the plastic scintillator; with this coincidence requirement, the intrinsic efficiency of the prototype detector for ${}^{60}$Co $\gamma$ rays is $\left( 2.42 \pm 0.61 \right)\times 10^{-6}$ while its intrinsic efficiency for unmoderated ${}^{252}$Cf fission neutrons is $\left( 4.31 \pm 0.59 \right)\times 10^{-3}$. Through use of subregion-integration ratios in addition to the coincidence requirement, the efficiency for $\gamma$ rays from ${}^{60}$Co is reduced to $\left( 7.15 \pm 4.10 \right) \times 10^{-7}$ while the ${}^{252}$Cf fission neutron efficiency becomes $\left( 2.78 \pm 0.38 \right) \times 10^{-3}$.