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In this paper, we provide an algorithm for traversing geometric graphs which visits all vertices, and reports every vertex and edge exactly once. To achieve this, we combine a given geometric graph $G$ with the integer lattice, seen as a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-07-14 Sahand Khakabimamaghani , Masood Masjoody , Ladislav Stacho

We introduce a variant of the deterministic rendezvous problem for a pair of heterogeneous agents operating in an undirected graph, which differ in the time they require to traverse particular edges of the graph. Each agent knows the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-06-10 Dariusz Dereniowski , Ralf Klasing , Adrian Kosowski , Łukasz Kuszner

A mobile agent navigating along edges of a simple connected graph, either finite or countably infinite, has to find an inert target (treasure) hidden in one of the nodes. This task is known as treasure hunt. The agent has no a priori…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Sébastien Bouchard , Yoann Dieudonné , Arnaud Labourel , Andrzej Pelc

Consider an agent exploring an unknown graph in search of some goal state. As it walks around the graph, it learns the nodes and their neighbors. The agent only knows where the goal state is when it reaches it. How do we reach this goal…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Siddhartha Banerjee , Vincent Cohen-Addad , Anupam Gupta , Zhouzi Li

Given a distribution of pebbles on the vertices of a graph, say that we can pebble a vertex if a pebble is left on it after some sequence of moves, each of which takes two pebbles from some vertex and places one on an adjacent vertex. A…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-06-03 David Moews

We spot a hole in the area of succinct data structures for graph classes from a universe of size at most $n^n$. Very often, the input graph is labeled by the user in an arbitrary and easy-to-use way, and the data structure for the graph…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Sankardeep Chakraborty , Christian Engels , Seungbum Jo , Mingmou Liu

We study the problem of online graph exploration on undirected graphs, where a searcher has to visit every vertex and return to the origin. Once a new vertex is visited, the searcher learns of all neighboring vertices and the connecting…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Sebastian Brandt , Klaus-Tycho Foerster , Jonathan Maurer , Roger Wattenhofer

The Explorer-Director game, first introduced by Nedev and Muthukrishnan, can be described as a game where two players -- Explorer and Director -- determine the movement of a token on the vertices of a graph. At each time step, the Explorer…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-04-20 Pat Devlin , Erin Meger , Abigail Raz , Polymath REU Participants

A group of mobile agents is given a task to explore an edge-weighted graph $G$, i.e., every vertex of $G$ has to be visited by at least one agent. There is no centralized unit to coordinate their actions, but they can freely communicate…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2019-02-20 Dorota Osula

We study the dispersion problem in anonymous port-labeled graphs: $k \leq n$ mobile agents, each with a unique ID and initially located arbitrarily on the nodes of an $n$-node graph with maximum degree $\Delta$, must autonomously relocate…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Debasish Pattanayak , Ajay D. Kshemkalyani , Manish Kumar , Anisur Rahaman Molla , Gokarna Sharma

This paper proposes an exploration technique for multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) with graph-based communication among agents. We assume the individual rewards received by the agents are independent of the actions by the other…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Ainur Zhaikhan , Ali H. Sayed

The Explorer-Director game, first introduced by Nedev and Muthukrishnan (2008), simulates a Mobile Agent exploring a ring network with an inconsistent global sense of direction. Two players, the Explorer and the Director, jointly control a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-11 Abigail Raz , Paddy Yang

We consider a graph observability problem: how many edge colors are needed for an unlabeled graph so that an agent, walking from node to node, can uniquely determine its location from just the observed color sequence of the walk?…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-05-12 Fangqiu Han , Subhash Suri , Xifeng Yan

We study a number of graph exploration problems in the following natural scenario: an algorithm starts exploring an undirected graph from some seed node; the algorithm, for an arbitrary node $v$ that it is aware of, can ask an oracle to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-10-25 Flavio Chierichetti , Shahrzad Haddadan

Graph pebbling is the study of moving discrete pebbles from certain initial distributions on the vertices of a graph to various target distributions via pebbling moves. A pebbling move removes two pebbles from a vertex and places one pebble…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-03-24 David S. Herscovici , Benjamin D. Hester , Glenn H. Hurlbert

Temporal graphs extend ordinary graphs with discrete time that affects the availability of edges. We consider solving games played on temporal graphs where one player aims to explore the graph, i.e., visit all vertices. The complexity…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Pete Austin , Nicolas Mazzocchi , Sougata Bose , Patrick Totzke

An edge-colored directed graph is \emph{observable} if an agent that moves along its edges is able to determine his position in the graph after a sufficiently long observation of the edge colors. When the agent is able to determine his…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Raphael M. Jungers , Vincent D. Blondel

We study the problem of collective tree exploration in which a team of $k$ mobile agents must collectively visit all nodes of an unknown tree in as few moves as possible. The agents all start from the root and discover adjacent edges as…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Romain Cosson , Laurent Massoulié

Graph Exploration problems ask a searcher to explore an unknown environment. The environment is modeled as a graph, where the searcher needs to visit each vertex beginning at some vertex. Treasure Hunt problems are a variation of Graph…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Janosch Fuchs , Christoph Grüne , Tom Janßen

An obstacle representation of a graph $G$ is a set of points in the plane representing the vertices of $G$, together with a set of polygonal obstacles such that two vertices of $G$ are connected by an edge in $G$ if and only if the line…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-07-18 Martin Balko , Josef Cibulka , Pavel Valtr