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We initiate a general theory for analyzing the complexity of motion planning of a single robot through a graph of "gadgets", each with their own state, set of locations, and allowed traversals between locations that can depend on and change…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-06-13 Erik D. Demaine , Isaac Grosof , Jayson Lynch , Mikhail Rudoy

We consider turn-based stochastic two-player games with a combination of a parity condition that must hold surely, that is in all possible outcomes, and of a parity condition that must hold almost-surely, that is with probability 1. The…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Laurent Doyen , Shibashis Guha

We consider two-player stochastic games played on a finite graph for infinitely many rounds. Stochastic games generalize both Markov decision processes (MDP) by adding an adversary player, and two-player deterministic games by adding…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Laurent Doyen

Energy parity games are infinite two-player turn-based games played on weighted graphs. The objective of the game combines a (qualitative) parity condition with the (quantitative) requirement that the sum of the weights (i.e., the level of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2012-04-04 Krishnendu Chatterjee , Laurent Doyen

Most work on manipulation assumes that all preferences are known to the manipulators. However, in many settings elections are open and sequential, and manipulators may know the already cast votes but may not know the future votes. We…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2013-10-28 Edith Hemaspaandra , Lane A. Hemaspaandra , Joerg Rothe

Two-player games on graphs is central in many problems in formal verification and program analysis such as synthesis and verification of open systems. In this work we consider solving recursive game graphs (or pushdown game graphs) that can…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-05-17 Krishnendu Chatterjee , Yaron Velner

In repeated games, players choose actions concurrently at each step. We consider a parameterized setting of repeated games in which the players form a population of an arbitrary size. Their utility functions encode a reachability objective.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Nathalie Bertrand , Patricia Bouyer , Luc Lapointe , Corto Mascle

We prove PSPACE-completeness of Push-1: given a rectangular grid of 1 x 1 cells, each possibly occupied by a movable block, can a robot move from one specified location to another, given the ability to push up to one block at a time? In…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-05-11 MIT Hardness Group , Josh Brunner , Lily Chung , Erik D. Demaine , Jenny Diomidova , Della Hendrickson , Jayson Lynch

Iterated coopetitive games capture the situation when one must efficiently balance between cooperation and competition with the other agents over time in order to win the game (e.g., to become the player with highest total utility).…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-03-11 Shivakumar Mahesh , Nicholas Bishop , Le Cong Dinh , Long Tran-Thanh

This paper concerns two-player alternating play combinatorial games (Conway 1976) in the normal-play convention, i.e. last move wins. Specifically, we study impartial vector subtraction games on tuples of nonnegative integers (Golomb 1966),…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-01-17 Urban Larsson , Indrajit Saha , Makoto Yokoo

We study routing games where every agent sequentially decides her next edge when she obtains the green light at each vertex. Because every edge only has capacity to let out one agent per round, an edge acts as a FIFO waiting queue that…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-10-29 Anisse Ismaili

This paper studies complexity theoretic aspects of quantum refereed games, which are abstract games between two competing players that send quantum states to a referee, who performs an efficiently implementable joint measurement on the two…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-02-06 Soumik Ghosh , John Watrous

Leadership games provide a powerful paradigm to model many real-world settings. Most literature focuses on games with a single follower who acts optimistically, breaking ties in favour of the leader. Unfortunately, for real-world…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-08-01 Giuseppe De Nittis , Alberto Marchesi , Nicola Gatti

We present and analyze PackIt!, a turn-based game consisting of packing rectangles on an $n \times n$ grid. PackIt! can be easily played on paper, either as a competitive two-player game or in \emph{solitaire} fashion. On the $t$-th turn, a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-17 Thomas Garrison , Marijn J. H. Heule , Bernardo Subercaseaux

$\textit{Magic: The Gathering}$ is a popular and famously complicated trading card game about magical combat. In this paper we show that optimal play in real-world $\textit{Magic}$ is at least as hard as the Halting Problem, solving a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-04-24 Alex Churchill , Stella Biderman , Austin Herrick

We consider various probabilistic games with piles for one player or two players. In each round of the game, a player randomly chooses to add $a$ or $b$ chips to his pile under the condition that $a$ and $b$ are not necessarily positive. If…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-01-16 Ho-Hon Leung , Thotsaporn "Aek'' Thanatipanonda

Push-1 is one of the simplest abstract frameworks for motion planning; however, the complexity of deciding if a Push-1 problem can be solved was a several-decade-old open question. We resolve the complexity of the motion planning problem…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Zachary DeStefano , Bufang Liang

We consider a game with two piles, in which two players take turn to add $a$ or $b$ chips ($a$, $b$ are not necessarily positive) randomly and independently to their respective piles. The player who collects $n$ chips first wins the game.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-03-11 Ho-Hon Leung , Thotsaporn "Aek'' Thanatipanonda

We analyse the computational complexity of finding Nash equilibria in turn-based stochastic multiplayer games with omega-regular objectives. We show that restricting the search space to equilibria whose payoffs fall into a certain interval…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Michael Ummels , Dominik Wojtczak

We introduce a new family of one-player games, involving the movement of coins from one configuration to another. Moves are restricted so that a coin can be placed only in a position that is adjacent to at least two other coins. The goal of…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Erik D. Demaine , Martin L. Demaine , Helena A. Verrill