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Air pollution is a major driver of climate change. Anthropogenic emissions from the burning of fossil fuels for transportation and power generation emit large amounts of problematic air pollutants, including Greenhouse Gases (GHGs). Despite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-01 Linus Scheibenreif , Michael Mommert , Damian Borth

In estimating the causal effect of a continuous exposure or treatment, it is important to control for all confounding factors. However, most existing methods require parametric specification for how control variables influence the outcome…

Applications · Statistics 2020-07-21 Spencer Woody , Carlos M. Carvalho , P. Richard Hahn , Jared S. Murray

Practitioners in diverse fields such as healthcare, economics and education are eager to apply machine learning to improve decision making. The cost and impracticality of performing experiments and a recent monumental increase in electronic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Fredrik D. Johansson , Uri Shalit , Nathan Kallus , David Sontag

Ambient air pollution poses significant health and environmental challenges. Exposure to high concentrations of PM$_{2.5}$ have been linked to increased respiratory and cardiovascular hospital admissions, more emergency department visits…

Applications · Statistics 2026-02-27 Zeinab Mohamed , Wenlong Gong

Acknowledging the effects of outdoor air pollution, the literature inadequately addresses indoor air pollution's impacts. Despite daily health risks, existing research primarily focused on monitoring, lacking accuracy in pinpointing indoor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Pritisha Sarkar , Kushalava reddy Jala , Mousumi Saha

Ambient air pollution is a pervasive issue with wide-ranging effects on human health, ecosystem vitality, and economic structures. Utilizing data on ambient air pollution concentrations, researchers can perform comprehensive analyses to…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-03-07 Liam J Berrisford , Ronaldo Menezes

The increasing multiplicity of data sources offers exciting possibilities in estimating the effects of a treatment, intervention, or exposure, particularly if observational and experimental sources could be used simultaneously. Borrowing…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-03-24 Jeffrey A. Boatman , David M. Vock , Joseph S. Koopmeiners

The spread of PM2.5 pollutants that endanger health is difficult to predict because it involves many atmospheric variables. These micron particles can spread rapidly from their source to residential areas, increasing the risk of respiratory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-18 Hsing-Chung Chen , Karisma Trinanda Putra , Jerry Chun-WeiLin

Mendelian randomization is an instrumental variable method that utilizes genetic information to investigate the causal effect of a modifiable exposure on an outcome. In most cases, the exposure changes over time. Understanding the…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-03-11 Haodong Tian , Ashish Patel , Stephen Burgess

Emissions generators, such as coal-fired power plants, are key contributors to air pollution and thus environmental policies to reduce their emissions have been proposed. Furthermore, marginalized groups are exposed to disproportionately…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-01-26 Kevin L. Chen , Falco J. Bargagli Stoffi , Raphael C. Kim , Rachel C. Nethery

Substudies of the Childhood Asthma Management Program [Control. Clin. Trials 20 (1999) 91-120; N. Engl. J. Med. 343 (2000) 1054-1063] seek to identify patient characteristics associated with asthma symptoms and lung function. To determine…

Randomized controlled trials are the gold standard for evaluating the efficacy of an intervention. However, there is often a trade-off between selecting the most scientifically relevant primary endpoint versus a less relevant, but more…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-12 Jack M. Wolf , Joseph S. Koopmeiners , David M. Vock

Fine particulate matter and aerosol optical thickness are of interest to atmospheric scientists for understanding air quality and its various health/environmental impacts. The available data are extremely large, making uncertainty…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-05 Madelyn Clinch , Jonathan R. Bradley

In large observational studies, the case-cohort design is commonly used to reduce the cost associated with covariate measurement. For survival outcomes, literature has suggested that the restricted mean survival time (RMST) be a more…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-08 Andy Ni , Wei-En Lu , Bo Lu

Spatial epidemiology identifies the drivers of elevated population-level disease risks, using disease counts, exposures and known confounders at the areal unit level. Poisson regression models are typically used for inference, which…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-03 Duncan Lee , Vinny Davies

In this paper, we undertake a case study to estimate a causal exposure-response function (ERF) for long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM$_{2.5}$) and respiratory hospitalizations in socioeconomically disadvantaged children using…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-15 Jenny J. Lee , Xiao Wu , Francesca Dominici , Rachel C. Nethery

Considerable financial resources are allocated for measuring ambient air pollution in the United States, yet the locations for these monitoring sites may not be optimized to capture the full extent of current pollution variability. Prior…

Applications · Statistics 2022-02-18 Makoto M. Kelp , Samuel Lin , J. Nathan Kutz , Loretta J. Mickley

Epidemiological evidence supports an association between exposure to air pollution during pregnancy and birth and child health outcomes. Typically, such associations are estimated by regressing an outcome on daily or weekly measures of…

Few studies have linked specific sources of ambient particulate matter smaller than 2.5 $\mu$m (PM2.5) and asthma. In this study, we estimated the contributions of specific sources to PM2.5 and examined their association with daily asthma…

Random-effects models are central to meta-analysis, yet the between-study variance is often underestimated when the number of studies is small. In such settings, confidence intervals become unduly narrow and fail to attain the nominal…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-18 Keisuke Hanada , Tomoyuki Sugimoto