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We propose a method to improve traditional character-based PPM text compression algorithms. Consider a text file as a sequence of alternating words and non-words, the basic idea of our algorithm is to encode non-words and prefixes of words…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-17 Yichuan Hu , Jianzhong , Zhang , Farooq Khan , Ying Li

In the era of large language models (LLMs), the Chinese Spelling Check (CSC) task has seen various LLM methods developed, yet their performance remains unsatisfactory. In contrast, fine-tuned BERT-based models, relying on high-quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Ziheng Qiao , Houquan Zhou , Zhenghua Li

Intent classification (IC) plays an important role in task-oriented dialogue systems. However, IC models often generalize poorly when training without sufficient annotated examples for each user intent. We propose a novel pre-training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Mujeen Sung , James Gung , Elman Mansimov , Nikolaos Pappas , Raphael Shu , Salvatore Romeo , Yi Zhang , Vittorio Castelli

Chinese keyword spotting is a challenging task as there is no visual blank for Chinese words. Different from English words which are split naturally by visual blanks, Chinese words are generally split only by semantic information. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-07 Pei Xu , Shan Huang , Hongzhen Wang , Hao Song , Shen Huang , Qi Ju

Current research on the advantages and trade-offs of using characters, instead of tokenized text, as input for deep learning models, has evolved substantially. New token-free models remove the traditional tokenization step; however, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Christos Theodoropoulos , Marie-Francine Moens

Knowledge about emotional events is an important kind of knowledge which has been applied to improve the effectiveness of different applications. However, emotional events cannot be easily acquired, especially common or generalized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Ya Wang , Guangzheng Zhu , Cungen Cao , Jingjing Li , He Li , Xin Huang

Automatic character generation is an appealing solution for new typeface design, especially for Chinese typefaces including over 3700 most commonly-used characters. This task has two main pain points: (i) handwritten characters are usually…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-07 Chuan Wen , Jie Chang , Ya Zhang , Siheng Chen , Yanfeng Wang , Mei Han , Qi Tian

We give a model of how to infer natural language rules by doing experiments. The model integrates Large Language Models (LLMs) with Monte Carlo algorithms for probabilistic inference, interleaving online belief updates with experiment…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Wasu Top Piriyakulkij , Cassidy Langenfeld , Tuan Anh Le , Kevin Ellis

Humor understanding is an important and challenging research in natural language processing. As the popularity of pre-trained language models (PLMs), some recent work makes preliminary attempts to adopt PLMs for humor recognition and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Yuyan Chen , Zhixu Li , Jiaqing Liang , Yanghua Xiao , Bang Liu , Yunwen Chen

Phonetic Cloaking Replacement (PCR), defined as the deliberate use of homophonic or near-homophonic variants to hide toxic intent, has become a major obstacle to Chinese content moderation. While this problem is well-recognized, existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Haotan Guo , Jianfei He , Jiayuan Ma , Hongbin Na , Zimu Wang , Haiyang Zhang , Qi Chen , Wei Wang , Zijing Shi , Tao Shen , Ling Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have the potential to revolutionize automated traceability by overcoming the challenges faced by previous methods and introducing new possibilities. However, the optimal utilization of LLMs for automated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Alberto D. Rodriguez , Katherine R. Dearstyne , Jane Cleland-Huang

In this study, we introduce a new approach for learning language models by training them to estimate word-context pointwise mutual information (PMI), and then deriving the desired conditional probabilities from PMI at test time.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-18 Oren Melamud , Ido Dagan , Jacob Goldberger

The generation of Chinese fonts has a wide range of applications. The currently predominated methods are mainly based on deep generative models, especially the generative adversarial networks (GANs). However, existing GAN-based models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-14 Jinshan Zeng , Yefei Wang , Qi Chen , Yunxin Liu , Mingwen Wang , Yuan Yao

In machine translation (MT) that involves translating between two languages with significant differences in word order, determining the correct word order of translated words is a major challenge. The dependency parse tree of a source…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-02-16 Christian Hadiwinoto , Hwee Tou Ng

Spell check is a useful application which processes noisy human-generated text. Spell check for Chinese poses unresolved problems due to the large number of characters, the sparse distribution of errors, and the dearth of resources with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Minh Nguyen , Gia H. Ngo , Nancy F. Chen

Contemporary language models are increasingly multilingual, but Chinese LLM developers must navigate complex political and business considerations of language diversity. Language policy in China aims at influencing the public discourse and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Andrea W Wen-Yi , Unso Eun Seo Jo , Lu Jia Lin , David Mimno

Intelligent systems sometimes need to infer the probable goals of people, cars, and robots, based on partial observations of their motion. This paper introduces a class of probabilistic programs for formulating and solving these problems.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-04-19 Marco F. Cusumano-Towner , Alexey Radul , David Wingate , Vikash K. Mansinghka

Actively inferring user preferences, for example by asking good questions, is important for any human-facing decision-making system. Active inference allows such systems to adapt and personalize themselves to nuanced individual preferences.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Wasu Top Piriyakulkij , Volodymyr Kuleshov , Kevin Ellis

In safety-critical applications, language models should be able to characterize their uncertainty with meaningful probabilities. Many uncertainty quantification approaches require supervised data; however, finding suitable unseen…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Sophia Hager , Simon Zeng , Nicholas Andrews

Although existing neural network approaches have achieved great success on Chinese spelling correction, there is still room to improve. The model is required to avoid over-correction and to distinguish a correct token from its phonological…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Rui Sun , Xiuyu Wu , Yunfang Wu