Intent classification (IC) plays an important role in task-oriented dialogue systems. However, IC models often generalize poorly when training without sufficient annotated examples for each user intent. We propose a novel pre-training method for text encoders that uses contrastive learning with intent psuedo-labels to produce embeddings that are well-suited for IC tasks, reducing the need for manual annotations. By applying this pre-training strategy, we also introduce Pre-trained Intent-aware Encoder (PIE), which is designed to align encodings of utterances with their intent names. Specifically, we first train a tagger to identify key phrases within utterances that are crucial for interpreting intents. We then use these extracted phrases to create examples for pre-training a text encoder in a contrastive manner. As a result, our PIE model achieves up to 5.4% and 4.0% higher accuracy than the previous state-of-the-art text encoder for the N-way zero- and one-shot settings on four IC datasets.
@article{arxiv.2305.14827,
title = {Pre-training Intent-Aware Encoders for Zero- and Few-Shot Intent Classification},
author = {Mujeen Sung and James Gung and Elman Mansimov and Nikolaos Pappas and Raphael Shu and Salvatore Romeo and Yi Zhang and Vittorio Castelli},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.14827},
year = {2023}
}