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Masked language modeling is a widely used method for learning language representations, where the model predicts a randomly masked word in each input. However, this approach typically considers only a single correct answer during training,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Seunghyun Ji , Soowon Lee

Probabilistic inference procedures are usually coded painstakingly from scratch, for each target model and each inference algorithm. We reduce this effort by generating inference procedures from models automatically. We make this code…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-07-13 Robert Zinkov , Chung-chieh Shan

We introduce CHARM, the first benchmark for comprehensively and in-depth evaluating the commonsense reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs) in Chinese, which covers both globally known and Chinese-specific commonsense. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Jiaxing Sun , Weiquan Huang , Jiang Wu , Chenya Gu , Wei Li , Songyang Zhang , Hang Yan , Conghui He

Chinese text segmentation is a well-known and difficult problem. On one side, there is not a simple notion of "word" in Chinese language making really hard to implement rule-based systems to segment written texts, thus lexicons and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Daniel Gayo-Avello

A wide variety of neural-network architectures have been proposed for the task of Chinese word segmentation. Surprisingly, we find that a bidirectional LSTM model, when combined with standard deep learning techniques and best practices, can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-27 Ji Ma , Kuzman Ganchev , David Weiss

Recent work on segmentation-free word embedding(sembei) developed a new pipeline of word embedding for unsegmentated language while avoiding segmentation as a preprocessing step. However, too many noisy n-grams existing in the embedding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Yifan Zhang , Maohua Wang , Yongjian Huang , Qianrong Gu

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used, their security risks have drawn increasing attention. Existing research reveals that LLMs are highly susceptible to jailbreak attacks, with effectiveness varying across language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Xun Huang , Simeng Qin , Xiaoshuang Jia , Ranjie Duan , Huanqian Yan , Zhitao Zeng , Fei Yang , Yang Liu , Xiaojun Jia

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in real-world applications. The capability of in-context learning (ICL) allows us to adapt an LLM to downstream tasks by including input-label exemplars in the prompt without…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Zhaoxuan Wu , Xiaoqiang Lin , Zhongxiang Dai , Wenyang Hu , Yao Shu , See-Kiong Ng , Patrick Jaillet , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low

Classifiers are an important and defining feature of the Chinese language, and their correct prediction is key to numerous educational applications. Yet, whether the most popular Large Language Models (LLMs) possess proper knowledge the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Ziqi Zhang , Jianfei Ma , Emmanuele Chersoni , Jieshun You , Zhaoxin Feng

We demonstrate a program that learns to pronounce Chinese text in Mandarin, without a pronunciation dictionary. From non-parallel streams of Chinese characters and Chinese pinyin syllables, it establishes a many-to-many mapping between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Christopher Chu , Scot Fang , Kevin Knight

Owing to its unique literal and aesthetical characteristics, automatic generation of Chinese poetry is still challenging in Artificial Intelligence, which can hardly be straightforwardly realized by end-to-end methods. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Liming Deng , Jie Wang , Hangming Liang , Hui Chen , Zhiqiang Xie , Bojin Zhuang , Shaojun Wang , Jing Xiao

Previous work has predominantly focused on monolingual English semantic parsing. We, instead, explore the feasibility of Chinese semantic parsing in the absence of labeled data for Chinese meaning representations. We describe the pipeline…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-19 Chunliu Wang , Xiao Zhang , Johan Bos

We study random words in a weighted regular language that achieve the maximal free energy using thermodynamics formalism. In particular, typical words in the language are algorithmically generated which have applications in computer…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-27 Cewei Cui , Zhe Dang

Word embedding is a Natural Language Processing (NLP) technique that automatically maps words from a vocabulary to vectors of real numbers in an embedding space. It has been widely used in recent years to boost the performance of a vari-ety…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-25 Arpita Roy , Youngja Park , SHimei Pan

In the field of Japanese-Chinese translation linguistics, the issue of correctly translating attributive clauses has persistently proven to be challenging. Present-day machine translation tools often fail to accurately translate attributive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Wenshi Gu

Semantic prosody is a collocational meaning formed through the co-occurrence of a linguistic unit and a consistent series of collocates, which should be treated separately from semantic meaning. Since words that are literal translations of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Xinyue Ma , Pol Pastells , Mireia Farrús , Mariona Taulé

Sentence Simplification is a valuable technique that can benefit language learners and children a lot. However, current research focuses more on English sentence simplification. The development of Chinese sentence simplification is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Shiping Yang , Renliang Sun , Xiaojun Wan

Modern language models operate on subword-tokenized text in order to make a trade-off between model size, inference speed, and vocabulary coverage. A side effect of this is that, during inference, models are evaluated by measuring the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 David Pohl , Marco Cognetta , Junyoung Lee , Naoaki Okazaki

Query term matching with document term matching is the basic function of any best effort Information Retrieval models like Vector Space Model. In our problem of SMS based Information Systems we expect common people to participate in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-10-17 Varsha Pathak , Manish Joshi

Despite their success in a variety of NLP tasks, pre-trained language models, due to their heavy reliance on compositionality, fail in effectively capturing the meanings of multiword expressions (MWEs), especially idioms. Therefore,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Harish Tayyar Madabushi , Edward Gow-Smith , Carolina Scarton , Aline Villavicencio