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Current state-of-the-art supervised deep learning-based segmentation approaches have demonstrated superior performance in medical image segmentation tasks. However, such supervised approaches require fully annotated pixel-level ground-truth…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Hyun-Jic Oh , Kanggeun Lee , Won-Ki Jeong

Learning Games (LGs) are educational environments based on a playful approach to learning. Their use has proven to be promising in many domains, but is at present restricted by the time consuming and costly nature of the developing process.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2014-12-11 Iza Marfisi-Schottman , Sébastien George , Franck Tarpin-Bernard

Data visualizations are standard tools for assessing and communicating risks. However, it is not always clear which designs are optimal or how encoding choices might influence risk perception and decision-making. In this paper, we report…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-10-23 Melanie Bancilhon , Zhengliang Liu , Alvitta Ottley

Learning in games refers to scenarios where multiple players interact in a shared environment, each aiming to minimize their regret. An equilibrium can be computed at a fast rate of $O(1/T)$ when all players follow the optimistic…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Taira Tsuchiya , Shinji Ito , Haipeng Luo

Large Language Models (LLMs) consistently benefit from scaled Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning, but also suffer from heavy computational overhead. To address this issue, efficient reasoning aims to incentivize short yet accurate thinking…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Taiqiang Wu , Zenan Xu , Bo Zhou , Ngai Wong

We study variants of a stochastic game inspired by backgammon where players may propose to double the stake, with the game state dictated by a one-dimensional random walk. Our variants allow for different numbers of proposals and different…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-10-28 Haoru Ju , Daniel Leifer , Steven J. Miller , Sooraj A. Padmanabhan , Chenyang Sun , Luke Tichi , Benjamin Tocher , Kiley Wallace

Continual learning is inherently a constrained learning problem. The goal is to learn a predictor under a no-forgetting requirement. Although several prior studies formulate it as such, they do not solve the constrained problem explicitly.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Juan Elenter , Navid NaderiAlizadeh , Tara Javidi , Alejandro Ribeiro

Today's robots are increasingly interacting with people and need to efficiently learn inexperienced user's preferences. A common framework is to iteratively query the user about which of two presented robot trajectories they prefer. While…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-10-04 Nils Wilde , Erdem Bıyık , Dorsa Sadigh , Stephen L. Smith

Despite the prevalence of retrieval-augmented language models (RALMs), the seamless integration of these models with retrieval mechanisms to enhance performance in document-based tasks remains challenging. While some post-retrieval…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Chuankai Xu , Dongming Zhao , Bo Wang , Hanwen Xing

Approachability has become a standard tool in analyzing earning algorithms in the adversarial online learning setup. We develop a variant of approachability for games where there is ambiguity in the obtained reward that belongs to a set,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-02-17 Shie Mannor , Vianney Perchet , Gilles Stoltz

In training speech recognition systems, labeling audio clips can be expensive, and not all data is equally valuable. Active learning aims to label only the most informative samples to reduce cost. For speech recognition, confidence scores…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-12-13 Jiaji Huang , Rewon Child , Vinay Rao , Hairong Liu , Sanjeev Satheesh , Adam Coates

Motivated by the question of how a principal can maximize its utility in repeated interactions with a learning agent, we study repeated games between an principal and an agent employing a mean-based learning algorithm. Prior work has shown…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Nivasini Ananthakrishnan , Yuval Dagan , Kunhe Yang

In reinforcement learning episodes, the rewards and punishments are often non-deterministic, and there are invariably stochastic elements governing the underlying situation. Such stochastic elements are often numerous and cannot be known in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-13 Nikki Lijing Kuang , Clement H. C. Leung , Vienne W. K. Sung

The ongoing debate on whether reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) expands or shrinks the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) remains unresolved. Some studies contend that RLVR mainly improves sampling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Xinhao Yao , Lu Yu , Xiaolin Hu , Fengwei Teng , Qing Cui , Jun Zhou , Yong Liu

Skat is a fascinating combinatorial card game, show-casing many of the intrinsic challenges for modern AI systems such as cooperative and adversarial behaviors (among the players), randomness (in the deal), and partial knowledge (due to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-08 Stefan Edelkamp

Scribble-supervised semantic segmentation has gained much attention recently for its promising performance without high-quality annotations. Due to the lack of supervision, confident and consistent predictions are usually hard to obtain.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-22 Zhiyi Pan , Peng Jiang , Yunhai Wang , Changhe Tu , Anthony G. Cohn

The last decade has seen a revival of interest in pebble games in the context of proof complexity. Pebbling has proven a useful tool for studying resolution-based proof systems when comparing the strength of different subsystems, showing…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-03-13 Jakob Nordström

Continual learning (CL) seeks to mitigate catastrophic forgetting when models are trained with sequential tasks. A common approach, experience replay (ER), stores past exemplars but only sparsely approximates the data distribution, yielding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Chih-Fan Hsu , Ming-Ching Chang , Wei-Chao Chen

Reinforcement learning (RL) promises to expand the capabilities of language models, but it is unclear if current RL techniques promote the discovery of novel behaviors, or simply sharpen those already present in the base model. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Jens Tuyls , Dylan J. Foster , Akshay Krishnamurthy , Jordan T. Ash

The game show Lucky 13 differs from other television game shows in that contestants are required to place a bet on their own knowledge of trivia by selecting a range that contains the number of questions that they answered correctly. We…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2026-02-06 Steven Berger , Daniel Conus