Related papers: Myelin and saltatory conduction
The myelinated axons are widely present in both central and peripheral nervous systems. Its unique compact spiraling structure poses significant challenges to understanding its biological functions and developmental mechanisms.…
We review here some of the historical highlights in exploratory studies of the vertebrate embryonic structure known as the neural crest. The study of the molecular properties of the cells that it produces, their migratory capacities and…
A brief description of the magnetic resonance imaging and related advanced techniques like diffusion, perfusion and spectroscopy in the human brain examinations is given.
Essential introduction to glial cells with emphasis on astrocytes, microglia and their interplay in reactive astrogliosis.
In the development of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous systems, the inner and outer tongue of the myelin sheath tend to be located within the same quadrant, which was named as Peters quadrant mystery. In this study, we conduct in…
The ultrastructure fluctuations and complex dynamics of the multi-layered membrane structure of myelin are fundamental for understanding and control its formation process and its degeneration and repair in neurological diseases such as…
The brain is a complex organ characterized by heterogeneous patterns of structural connections supporting unparalleled feats of cognition and a wide range of behaviors. New noninvasive imaging techniques now allow these patterns to be…
Mechanosensation is a key part of the sensory repertoire of a vast array of different cells and organisms. The molecular dissection of the origins of mechanosensation is rapidly advancing as a result of both structural and functional…
The lateral diffusion of lipids within membrane is of paramount importance, serving as a central mechanism in numerous physiological processes including cell signaling, membrane trafficking, protein activity regulation, and energy…
The cytoskeleton provides eukaryotic cells with mechanical support and helps them perform their biological functions. It is a network of semiflexible polar protein filaments and many accessory proteins that bind to these filaments, regulate…
The interactions play one of the central roles in the brain mediating various processes and functions. They are particularly important for the brain as a complex system that has many different functions from the same structural…
This article reviews the mechanical bidomain model, a mathematical description how the extracellular matrix and intracellular cytoskeleton are coupled by integrin proteins. The fundamental hypothesis is that differences between…
The present article is an invited contribution to the Encyclopedia of Complexity and System Science, Robert A. Meyers Ed., Springer New York (2009). It is a review of the biophysical mechanisms that underly cell motility. It mainly focuses…
The essential features of the in vitro refolding of myoglobin are expressed in a solvable physical model. Alpha helices are taken as the fundamental collective coordinates of the system, while the refolding is assumed to be mainly driven by…
Despite widespread and striking examples of physiological oscillations, their functional role is often unclear. Even glycolysis, the paradigm example of oscillatory biochemistry, has seen questions about its oscillatory function. Here, we…
Organoids are prototypes of human organs derived from cultured human stem cells. They provide a reliable and accurate experimental model to study the physical mechanisms underlying the early developmental stages of human organs…
This is a follow-up tutorial article of [17] and [16], in this paper, we will introduce several important cognitive functions of the brain. Brain cognitive functions are the mental processes that allow us to receive, select, store,…
Brain rhythms seem central to understanding the neurophysiological basis of human cognition. Yet, despite significant advances, key questions remain unresolved. In this comprehensive position paper, we review the current state of the art on…
Recently, there have been several concerted international efforts - the BRAIN initiative, European Human Brain Project and the Human Connectome Project, to name a few - that hope to revolutionize our understanding of the connected brain.…
The field of computational modeling of the brain is advancing so rapidly that now it is possible to model large scale networks representing different brain regions with a high level of biological detail in terms of numbers and synapses. For…