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A class of graphs is bridge-addable if given a graph $G$ in the class, any graph obtained by adding an edge between two connected components of $G$ is also in the class. We prove a conjecture of McDiarmid, Steger, and Welsh, that says that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-23 Guillaume Chapuy , Guillem Perarnau

A circular nowhere-zero $r$-flow on a bridgeless graph $G$ is an orientation of the edges and an assignment of real values from $[1, r-1]$ to the edges in such a way that the sum of incoming values equals the sum of outgoing values for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-09-08 Robert Lukoťka

The class of cographs is one of the most well-known graph classes, which is also known to be equivalent to the class of $P_4$-free graphs. We show that Mader's conjecture is true if we restrict ourselves to cographs, that is, for any tree…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-18 Toru Hasunuma

In a recent work, Keusch proved the so-called 1-2-3 Conjecture, raised by Karo\'nski, {\L}uczak, and Thomason in 2004: for every connected graph different from $K_2$, we can assign labels~$1,2,3$ to the edges so that no two adjacent…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-08 Julien Bensmail , Beatriz Martins , Chaoliang Tang

In this article we introduce the flow polynomial of a digraph and use it to study nowhere-zero flows from a commutative algebraic perspective. Using Hilbert's Nullstellensatz, we establish a relation between nowhere-zero flows and dual…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Shmuel Onn

Tuza's Conjecture states that if a graph $G$ does not contain more than $k$ edge-disjoint triangles, then some set of at most $2k$ edges meets all triangles of $G$. We prove Tuza's Conjecture for all graphs $G$ having no subgraph with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-04-14 Gregory J. Puleo

Let $G$ be a bridgeless cubic graph. The Berge--Fulkerson Conjecture (1970s) states that $G$ admits a list of six perfect matchings such that each edge of $G$ belongs to exactly two of these perfect matchings. If answered in the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-01-02 František Kardoš , Edita Máčajová , Jean Paul Zerafa

Carsten Thomassen conjectured that every longest circuit in a 3-connected graph has a chord. We prove the conjecture for graphs having no $K_{3,3}$ minor, and consequently for planar graphs.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-09-07 E. Birmelé

Let $G$ be a graph. A zero-sum flow of $G$ is an assignment of non-zero real numbers to the edges of $G$ such that the sum of the values of all edges incident with each vertex is zero. Let $k$ be a natural number. A zero-sum $k$-flow is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-01-29 Fan Yang , Xiangwen Li

The well-known 5-flow Conjecture of Tutte, stated originally for integer flows, claims that every bridgeless graph has circular flow number at most 5. It is a classical result that the study of the 5-flow Conjecture can be reduced to cubic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-04-04 Jan Goedgebeur , Davide Mattiolo , Giuseppe Mazzuoccolo

We offer a new structural basis for the theory of 3-connected graphs, providing a unique decomposition of every such graph into parts that are either quasi 4-connected, wheels, or thickened $K_{3,m}$'s. Our construction is explicit,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-25 Johannes Carmesin , Jan Kurkofka

An edge subset $S$ of a connected graph $G$ is called an anti-Kekul\'{e} set if $G-S$ is connected and has no perfect matching. We can see that a connected graph $G$ has no anti-Kekul\'{e} set if and only if each spanning tree of $G$ has a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-02-02 Baoyindureng Wu , Heping Zhang

We study $2$-dimensional unit vector flows on graphs, that is, nowhere-zero flows that assign to each oriented edge a unit vector in $\mathbb R^{3}$. We give a new geometric characterization of $\mathbb S^{2}$-flows on cubic graphs. We also…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-26 Hussein Houdrouge , Bobby Miraftab , Pat Morin

Recently Lin, Wang and Zhou have proved that every $3$-connected nonbipartite graph of minimum degree at least $k$ with $k\ge 6$ and order at least $k+2$ contains $k$ cycles of consecutive lengths. They also conjecture that this result is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-22 Chengli Li , Xingzhi Zhan

Thomassen's chord conjecture from 1976 states that every longest cycle in a $3$-connected graph has a chord. This is one of the most important unsolved problems in graph theory. Let $H$ be a subgraph of a graph $G$. A vertex $v$ of $H$ is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-17 Chengli Li , Feng Liu

A conjecture of Carsten Thomassen states that every 4-connected line graph is hamiltonian. It is known that the conjecture is true for 7-connected line graphs. We improve this by showing that any 5-connected line graph of minimum degree at…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-04-01 Tomáš Kaiser , Petr Vrána

We generalise to signed graphs a classical result of Tutte [Canad. J. Math. 8 (1956), 13--28] stating that every integer flow can be expressed as a sum of characteristic flows of circuits. In our generalisation, the r\^ole of circuits is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-07-22 Edita Macajova , Martin Skoviera

The product version of the 1-2-3 Conjecture, introduced by Skowronek-Kazi{\'o}w in 2012, states that, a few obvious exceptions apart, all graphs can be 3-edge-labelled so that no two adjacent vertices get incident to the same product of…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2020-04-22 Julien Bensmail , Hervé Hocquard , Dimitri Lajou , Eric Sopena

W. Mader [J. Graph Theory 65 (2010), 61--69] conjectured that for any tree $T$ of order $m$, every $k$-connected graph $G$ with $\delta(G)\geq\lfloor\frac{3k}{2}\rfloor+m-1$ contains a tree $T'\cong T$ such that $G-V(T')$ remains…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-04-10 Meng Ji , Yaping Mao

Barnette's Conjecture claims that all cubic, 3-connected, planar, bipartite graphs are Hamiltonian. We give a translation of this conjecture into the matching-theoretic setting. This allows us to relax the requirement of planarity to give…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-08-17 Maximilian Gorsky , Raphael Steiner , Sebastian Wiederrecht