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Neuroscientific evidence shows that for most brain networks all pathways between cortical regions either pass through the thalamus or a transthalamic parallel route exists for any direct corticocortical connection. This paper seeks to…
The dispersal of cells from an initially constrained location is a crucial aspect of many physiological phenomena ranging from morphogenesis to tumour spreading. In such processes, the way cell-cell interactions impact the motion of single…
Implicit neural representations (INRs) are a powerful paradigm for modeling data, offering a continuous alternative to discrete signal representations. Their ability to compactly encode complex signals has led to strong performance in many…
We study electromagnetic pulse propagation in an indium tin oxide nanolayer in the linear and nonlinear regimes. We use the constitutive relations to reconstruct the effective dielectric constant of the medium, and show that nonlocal…
Rotational excitation of polar molecules trapped in an optical lattice gives rise to rotational excitons. Here we show that non-linear interactions of such excitons can be controlled by an electric field. The exciton--exciton interactions…
Natural Language-conditioned reinforcement learning (RL) enables the agents to follow human instructions. Previous approaches generally implemented language-conditioned RL by providing human instructions in natural language (NL) and…
T lymphocytes (T cells) orchestrate adaptive immune responses upon activation. T cell activation requires sufficiently strong binding of T cell receptors (TCRs) on their surface to short peptides (p) derived from foreign proteins, which are…
This paper introduces a novel optically controllable molecular communication (MC) transmitter (TX) design based on vesicular nanodevices (NDs). The NDs are functionalized for the controlled release of signaling molecules (SMs) via…
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and resistance to therapy. A principal component of the TME is the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), which includes various immune cells such…
A novel scheme is proposed to generate uniform relativistic electron layers for coherent Thomson backscattering. A few-cycle laser pulse is used to produce the electron layer from an ultra-thin solid foil. The key element of the new scheme…
Microtubules are biological protein polymers with critical and diverse functions. Their structures share some similarities with photosynthetic antenna complexes, particularly in the ordered arrangement of photoactive molecules with large…
Many cellular processes require a polarization axis which generally initially emerges as an inhomogeneous distribution of molecular markers in the cell. We present a simple analytical model of a general mechanism of cell polarization taking…
A toroidal dipole represents an often overlooked electromagnetic excitation distinct from the standard electric and magnetic multipole expansion. We show how a simple arrangement of strongly radiatively coupled atoms can be used to…
In this paper, we propose novel Transmitter (Tx) models for Molecular Communication (MC) systems based on functionalized Nanoparticles (NPs). Current Tx models often rely on simplifying assumptions for the molecule release and replenishment…
A theory of spin-dependent electron transmission through resonant tunneling diode (RTD) grown of non-centrosymmetrical semiconductor compounds has been presented. It has been shown that RTD can be employed for injection and detection of…
When the sizes of photonic nanoparticles are much smaller than the excitation wavelength, their optical response can be efficiently described with a series of polarizability tensors. Here, we propose a universal method to extract the…
We develop a theory of polarized photoluminescence of interface excitons localized at lateral heterojunctions between transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers. We show that the circular selection rules governing interband optical…
The adaptive immune system responds to foreign invaders by activating T cells. However, this response is perilous if T cells are activated by the wrong signal or if they remain activated unduly long after the threat has been eliminated. It…
In eukaryotic cells, KDEL receptors (KDELRs) facilitate the retrieval of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal proteins from the Golgi compartment back to the ER. Apart from the well-documented retention function, recent findings reveal that…
Text-based games (TBGs) have emerged as an important collection of NLP tasks, requiring reinforcement learning (RL) agents to combine natural language understanding with reasoning. A key challenge for agents attempting to solve such tasks…