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We observe that when an ultracold ground state cesium (Cs) atom becomes bound within the electronic cloud of an extended Cs electronic orbit, ultralong-range molecules with giant (kilo-Debye) permanent electric dipole moments form. Large…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2015-06-23 Donald Booth , Seth Rittenhouse , Jin Yang , Hossein Sadeghpour , James Shaffer

We investigate the impact of combined electric and magnetic fields on the structure of ultralong-range polar Rydberg molecules. Our focus is hereby on the parallel as well as the crossed field configuration taking into account both the…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2014-09-11 Markus Kurz , Peter Schmelcher

We study the possibility to use interaction between a polar molecule in the ground electronic and vibrational state and a Rydberg atom to construct two-qubit gates between molecular qubits and to coherently control molecular states. A polar…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-09-13 Elena Kuznetsova , Seth T. Rittenhouse , Hossein R. Sadeghpour , Susanne F. Yelin

We investigate the non-adiabatic quantum dynamics of ultralong-range Rydberg molecules using a vibronically coupled two-channel treatment. The two channels are composed of coupled trilobite and butterfly electronic states, formed as a…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2026-03-17 Felix Giering , Rohan Srikumar , Peter Schmelcher

We report on a novel method for photo-association of strongly polar trilobite Rydberg molecules. This exotic ultralong-range dimer, consisting of a ground-state atom bound to the Rydberg electron via electron-neutral scattering, inherits…

We detail the rich electronic and vibrational structure of triatomic "butterfly" molecules, ultra-long-range Rydberg molecules bound by resonant $p$-wave scattering. We divide these molecules into two sub-classes depending on their parity…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2020-04-22 Matthew T. Eiles , Christian Fey , Frederic Hummel , Peter Schmelcher

Rydberg atoms, with their giant electronic orbitals, exhibit dipole-dipole interaction reaching the GHz range at a distance of a micron, making them a prominent contender for realizing quantum operations well within their coherence time.…

Rydberg molecules, Rydberg-atom or Rydberg-molecule, are an essential ingredient of cold molecular sciences. However, due to the richness of Rydberg-neutral interactions, new kinds of Rydberg molecules and binding mechanisms are still to be…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2025-02-18 Mateo Londoño , Vanessa C. Olaya-Agudelo , Felipe Herrera , Jesús Pérez-Ríos

We investigate properties of ultralong-range polyatomic molecules formed with a Rb Rydberg atom and several ground-state atoms whose distance from the Rydberg atom is of the order of n^2a_0, where n is the principle quantum number of the…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ivan C. H. Liu , Jan M. Rost

Quantum optics based on highly excited atoms, also known as Rydberg atoms, has cemented itself as a powerful platform for the manipulation of light at the few-photon level. The Rydberg blockade, resulting from the strong interaction between…

Ultracold Rydberg molecules have been extensively studied both theoretically and ex-perimentally. Here the authors review the recent realizations of various ultralong-range Rydberg molecules and macrodimers, and explore their potential for…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2018-07-04 J. P. Shaffer , S. T. Rittenhouse , H. R Sadeghpour

Rydberg atoms are ideal tools for quantum technologies. Due to their large size, their dipole-dipole interaction at micrometer-scale distances and their coupling to external fields are huge. Recent experiments vividly exhibit their interest…

Competing short- and long-range interactions represent distinguished ingredients for the formation of complex quantum many-body phases. Their study is hard to realize with conventional quantum simulators. In this regard, Rydberg atoms…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2024-02-06 Zeki Zeybek , Rick Mukherjee , Peter Schmelcher

Atoms in highly excited (Rydberg) states have a number of unique properties which make them attractive for applications in quantum information. These are large dipole moments, lifetimes and polarizabilities, as well as strong long-range…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-25 I. I. Ryabtsev , I. I. Beterov , D. B. Tretyakov , V. M. Entin , E. A. Yakshina

We describe a quantum information architecture consisting of a hybrid array of optically-trapped molecules and atoms. This design leverages the large transition dipole moments of Rydberg atoms to mediate fast, high-fidelity gates between…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2023-01-13 Kenneth Wang , Conner P. Williams , Lewis R. B. Picard , Norman Y. Yao , Kang-Kuen Ni

Molecular bonds can be divided into four primary types: ionic, covalent, van der Waals and hydrogen bonds. At ultralow temperatures a novel binding type emerges paving the way for novel molecules and ultracold chemistry [1,2]. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-09-18 V. Bendkowsky , B. Butscher , J. Nipper , J. P. Shaffer , R. Loew , T. Pfau

We review Rydberg aggregates, assemblies of a few Rydberg atoms exhibiting energy transport through collective eigenstates, considering isolated atoms or assemblies embedded within clouds of cold ground-state atoms. We classify Rydberg…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2018-02-14 S. Wüster , J. -M. Rost

Spectroscopic measurements of the rotational distribution of $^{84}$Sr and $^{86}$Sr 5sns $^1S_0$ ultralong-range Rydberg molecular dimers created via photoassociation in a cold gas are reported. The dimers are produced by two-photon…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2024-06-14 C. Wang , Y. Lu , S. K. Kanungo , F. B. Dunning , T. C. Killian , S. Yoshida

We study the impact of Rydberg molecule formation on the storage and retrieval of Rydberg polaritons in an ultracold atomic medium. We observe coherent revivals appearing in the retrieval efficiency of stored photons that originate from…

We investigate the electronic structure of a triatomic Rydberg molecule formed by a Rydberg atom and two neutral ground-state atoms. Taking into account the $s$-wave and $p$-wave interactions we perform electronic structure calculations and…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2016-06-22 Javier Aguilera Fernández , Peter Schmelcher , Rosario González-Férez