Related papers: Elementary particles in the early Universe
We study theories which naturally select a vacuum with parametrically small Electroweak Scale due to finite temperature effects in the early universe. In particular, there is a scalar with an approximate shift symmetry broken by a…
This Resource Letter provides a guide to literature on the Standard Model of elementary particles and possible extensions. In the successful theory of quarks and leptons and their interactions, important questions remain, such as the…
We investigate the evolution of the electroweak phase transition, using a one-Higgs effective potential that can be regarded as an approximation for the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. The phase transition occurs in a small interval…
Several lectures for non-experts on equilibrium and non-equilibrium kinetics in expanding universe are presented. An establishment of thermal equilibrium in the ealry universe as well as mechanisms leading to deviations from the equilibrium…
We examine the Standard Model under the electroweak symmetry group $U_{EW}(2)$ subject to the Lie algebra condition $\mathfrak{u}_{EW}(2)\not\cong \mathfrak{su}_{I}(2)\oplus \mathfrak{u}_{Y}(1)$. Physically, the condition ensures that all…
This paper consists of two parts. In the first part, a concise reformulation is derived for that part of the Glashow-Weinberg-Salam (GWS) electroweak interaction Hamiltonian, which describes interactions between leptons (in the first…
We discuss the concept of measurement in cosmology from the relativistic and quantum mechanical points of view. The uncertainty principle within the particle horizon, excludes the momentum of particles to be less than $\pi\hbar H/c$. This…
In principle, the baryon asymmetry of the Universe can be generated at the electroweak phase transition but the experimental lower limit on the Higgs mass seems to rule out a Standard Model scenario. However, it has been shown recently that…
We present a model in which elementary particles and forces are unified in the framework of quantum field theory in higher dimensions. The particles include gauge bosons, quarks and leptons, as well as the Higgs bosons and the forces…
In the latter half of the last century, it became evident that there exists an ever increasing number of different states of the so-called elementary particles. The usual reductionist approach to this problem was to search for a simpler…
We describe a finite inhomogeneous three dimensional system of classical particles which interact through short and (or) long range interactions by means of a simple analytic spin model. The thermodynamic properties of the system are worked…
Numerical evidence for a new dynamical mechanism of elementary particle mass generation has been found by lattice simulation in a simple, yet highly non-trivial SU(3) gauge model where a SU(2) doublet of strongly interacting fermions is…
In the Randall-Sundrum model where the radion is stabilized by a Goldberger-Wise (GW) potential there is a supercooled transition from a deconfined to a confined phase at temperatures orders of magnitude below the typical Standard Model…
Electroweak baryogenesis is an attractive mechanism to generate the baryon asymmetry of the Universe via a strong first order electroweak phase transition. We compare the phase transition patterns suggested by the vacuum structure at the…
The Standard Model of particle physics encapsulates our current best understanding of physics at the smallest distances and highest energies. It incorporates Quantum Electrodynamics (the quantised version of Maxwell's electromagnetism) and…
Gauge invariance is a powerful tool to determine the dynamics of the electroweak and strong forces. The particle content, structure and symmetries of the Standard Model Lagrangian are discussed. Special emphasis is given to the many…
Gauge invariance is a powerful tool to determine the dynamics of the electroweak and strong forces. The particle content, structure and symmetries of the Standard Model Lagrangian are discussed. Special emphasis is given to the many…
Quantum electrodynamics predicts that photons undergo one-loop scattering. The combined effect of this on the behaviour of a photon gas for temperatures above 10^{10} K results in a softening of the equation of state. We calculate the…
The operator manifold formalism (part I) enables the unification of the geometry and the field theory, and yields the quantization of geometry. This is the mathematical framework for our physical outlook that the geometry and fields, with…
Assuming that the background geometry is filled with free gas consisting of matter and radiation and no phase transitions being occurred in the early Universe, we discuss the thermodynamics of this {\it closed} system using classical…