Related papers: Elementary particles in the early Universe
We discuss the electroweak phase-transition in the early universe, using non-perturbative flow equations for a computation of the free energy. For a scalar mass above $\sim 70$ GeV, high-temperature perturbation theory cannot describe this…
We study first-order electroweak phase transitions nonperturbatively, assuming any particles beyond the Standard Model are sufficiently heavy to be integrated out at the phase transition. Utilising high temperature dimensional reduction, we…
The Standard Model of elementary particles is a theory unifying three of the four basic forces of the Nature: electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions. In this paper we consider the Standard Model in the presence of a classical…
This thesis explores two different avenues aimed at improving our ability to calculate reliably in the Standard Model of particle physics and probing possible new particles which may exist beyond it. In the first part, we explore whether…
We discuss the thermal evolution and Bose-Einstein condensation of ultra-light dark matter particles at finite, realistic cosmological temperatures. We find that if these particles decouple from regular matter before Standard model…
A modified formulation of the Electroweak Model with 3-dimensional spherical geometry in the target space is suggested. The {\it free} Lagrangian in the spherical field space along with the standard gauge field Lagrangian form the full…
Gauge symmetries play an essential role in determining the interactions of particle physics. Where do they come from? Might the gauge symmetries of the Standard Model unify in the ultraviolet or might they be emergent in the infrared, below…
We estimate the amplitude of thermal fluctuations by calculating the typical size of subcritical bubbles in cosmological electroweak phase transition and show that this thermal fluctuation effect drastically changes dynamics of the phase…
The earlier developed algorithm for constructing a self-conjugate Hamiltonian in the \eta-representation for Dirac particles interacting with a general gravitational field is extended to the case of electromagnetic fields. This Hamiltonian…
First order phase transitions are characterized by the nucleation and evolution of bubbles. The dynamics of cosmological vacuum bubbles, where the order parameter is independent of other degrees of freedom, are well known; more realistic…
Classical phase transitions, like solid-liquid-gas or order-disorder spin magnetic phases, are all driven by thermal energy fluctuations by varying the temperature. On the other hand, quantum phase transitions happen at absolute zero…
We perform an analysis of the behaviour of the electroweak phase transition in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model, in the presence of light stops. We show that, in previously unexplored regions of parameter space, the order parameter…
The Lee-Wick theories require unusual Lee-Wick (LW) partners to the standard model (SM) particles. The excitations of the unusual fields may have indefinite norms in the Hilbert space. In the present talk the thermodynamic results of a toy…
These lecture notes are based on a course given by Mark Hindmarsh at the 24th Saalburg Summer School 2018 and written up by Marvin L\"uben, Johannes Lumma and Martin Pauly. The aim is to provide the necessary basics to understand…
We stress the importance of the circa 20 parameters in the Standard Model, which are not fixed by the model but only determined experimentally, as a window to the physics beyond the Standard Model. However, it is a tiny window in as far as…
In this work we consider the simple $Z_2$ symmetric extension to the Standard Model (SM) and proceed to study the nature of electroweak phase transition (EWPT) in the early universe. We show that the nature of the phase transition changes…
Liquids crystallize as they cool; however, when crystallization is avoided in some way, they supercool, maintaining their liquidity, and freezing into glass at low temperatures, as ubiquitously observed. These metastable states crystallize…
The Hubble expansion of galaxies, the $2.73\dK$ blackbody radiation background and the cosmic abundances of the light elements argue for a hot, dense origin of the universe --- the standard Big Bang cosmology --- and enable its evolution to…
The Standard Model of the elementary particles is controlled by more than 20 parameters, of which it is not known today how they can be linked to deeper principles. Any attempt to clean up this theory, in general results in producing more…
We examine the behavior of the standard-model electroweak phase transition in the early Universe. We argue that close to the critical temperature it is possible to estimate the {\it effective} infrared corrections to the 1-loop potential…