Related papers: Photons in a Ball
We extend classical Maxwell field theory to a first quantized theory of the photon by deriving a conserved Lorentz four-current whose zero component is a positive definite number density. Fields are real and their positive (negative)…
The existence of precise particle trajectories in any quantum state is accounted for in a consistent way by allowing delocalization of the particle charge. The relativistic mass of the particle remains within a small volume surrounding a…
We quantize the electromagnetic field in the presence of a nonmoving dielectric sphere in vacuum. The sphere is assumed to be lossless, dispersionless, isotropic, and homogeneous. The quantization is performed using normalized eigenmodes as…
In this article, we consider fixed spin-1/2 particles interacting through the quantized electromagnetic field in a constant magnetic field. We give approximate evolutions of coherent states. This uses spins-photon classical Hamiltonian…
The creation of electrically charged states and the resulting electromagnetic fields are considered in space-time regions in which such experiments can actually be carried out, namely in future-directed light cones. Under the simplifying…
The ground states of few electrons confined in two vertically coupled quantum rings in the presence of an external magnetic field are studied systematically within the current spin-density functional theory. Electron-electron interactions…
Canonical quantization of the photon -- a free massless vector field -- is considered in cosmological spacetimes in a two-parameter family of linear gauges that treat all the vector potential components on equal footing. The goal is setting…
The excited states of a charged particle interacting with the quantized electromagnetic field and an external potential all decay, but such a particle should have a true ground state--one that minimizes the energy and satisfies the…
The magnetic field generated by an electron bound in a spherically symmetric potential is calculated for eigenstates of the orbital and total angular momentum. General expressions are presented for the current density in such states and the…
Gravitational field of an electron, fixed by experimental values of its mass, spin, charge and magnetic moment, is given by the metric of Kerr-Newman (KN) solution. Unexpectedly, this metric contains a singular ring of the Compton radius,…
In this manuscript we show that the geometrical localization mechanism implies a four dimensional mass for the photon. The consistence of the model provides a mass given exactly by $m_{\gamma}=\sqrt{R}/4$ where $R$ is the Ricci scalar. As a…
The notion that the electromagnetic field is quantised is usually inferred from observations such as the photoelectric effect and the black-body spectrum. However accounts of the quantisation of this field are usually mathematically…
A class of states of the electromagnetic field involving superpositions of all the excited states above a specified low energy eigenstate of the electromagnetic field is introduced. These states and the photon-added coherent states are…
This work addresses the problem of infrared mass renormalization for a scalar electron in a translation-invariant model of non-relativistic QED. We assume that the interaction of the electron with the quantized electromagnetic field…
The process of pair creation by a photon in a constant and homogeneous electromagnetic field of an arbitrary configuration is investigating. At high energy the correction to the standard quasiclassical approximation (SQA) has been…
It is argued that the title of this paper represents a misconception. Contrary to widespread beliefs it is electromagnetic field modes that are ``systems'' and can be entangled, not photons. The amount of entanglement in a given state is…
In the present work the role that a generalized uncertainty principle could play in the quantization of the electromagnetic field is analyzed. It will be shown that we may speak of a Fock space, a result that implies that the concept of…
The electromagnetic field is canonically quantized in the presence of a linear, dispersive and dissipative medium that is in uniform motion. Specifically we calculate the change in the normal modes of the coupled matter-field system and…
The photon behavior in an arbitrary superposition of constant magnetic and electric fields is considered on most general grounds basing on the first principles like Lorentz- gauge- charge- and parity-invariance. We make model- and…
Landscape analyses often assume the existence of large numbers of fields, $N$, with all of the many couplings among these fields (subject to constraints such as local supersymmetry) selected independently and randomly from simple (say…