Related papers: Photons in a Ball
The inertial and gravitational mass of electromagnetic radiation (i.e., a photon distribution) in a cavity with reflecting walls has been treated by many authors for over a century. After many contending discussions, a consensus has emerged…
Starting from a Lagrangian, the electromagnetic field is quantized in the presence of a body rotating along its axis of symmetry. Response functions and fluctuation-dissipation relations are obtained. A general formula for rotational…
We present a model of interacting quantum fields, formulated in a non-perturbative manner. One of the fields is treated semi-classically, the other is the photon field. The model has an interpretation of an electromagnetic field in a…
We consider the quantum field theory for a scalar model of the electromagnetic field interacting with a system of two-level atoms. In this setting, we show that it is possible to uniquely determine the density of atoms from measurements of…
A new application of quantum field theory is developed that gives a description of the internal dynamics of dressed elementary particles and predicts their masses. The fermionic and bosonic quantum fields are treated as interdependent…
The regularized vacuum energy (or energy density) of a quantum field subjected to static external conditions is shown to satisfy a certain partial differential equation with respect to two variables, the mass and the "time" (ultraviolet…
The coherent states are constructed for a charged particle in a uniform magnetic field based on coherent states for the circular motion which have recently been introduced by the authors.
We model the equilibrium properties of a two-dimensional electron gas in a square lateral superlattice of quantum dots in a GaAs heterostructure subject to an external homogeneous perpendicular magnetic field and a far-infrared circular…
A classical circularly polarized electromagnetic wave carries angular momentum, and represents the classical limit of a photon, which carries quantized spin. It is shown that a very similar picture of a circularly polarized coherent wave…
In this paper, we construct the coherent states for a system of an electron moving on plane in uniform external magnetic and electric fields. These coherent states are built in the context of both discrete and continuous spectra and satisfy…
In this work, a constant and uniform magnetic field is less than the Schwinger critical value. In turn, an additional constant and uniform electric field is taken much smaller than the magnetic field value. The propagation of a photon in…
In this work we postulate that Schwinger's threshold for a dynamic electric field intensity to induce spatial nonlinearity is a special case and, more generally, it is the threshold field for both static and dynamic electric fields. Fields…
A first quantized free photon is a complex massless vector field $A=(A^\mu)$ whose field strength satisfies Maxwell's equations in vacuum. We construct the Hilbert space $\mathscr{H}$ of the photon by endowing the vector space of the fields…
We consider the equilibrium thermal state of photons and determine the mean number and number variance of squeezed coherent photons. We use an integral representation for electro-magnetic radiation applicable both to systems in equilibrium…
Quantum cosmology is traditionally formulated in a minisuperspace setting, implicitly averaging fields over space to obtain homogeneous models. For universal reasons related to the uncertainty principle, quantum corrections then depend on…
It is considered constraints imposed by the quantum mechanics on the measurement of the density of the electromagnetic energy. First, the energy of the electromagnetic wave and the volume (time) are bound with the Heisenberg uncertainty…
Regulated Lorentz invariant quantum field theories satisfy an area law for the entanglement entropy $S$ of a spatial subregion in the ground state in $d>1$ spatial dimensions; nevertheless, the full density matrix contains many more than…
The polarization operator in a constant and homogeneous magnetic field of arbitrary strength is investigated on mass shell. The calculations are carried out at all photon energies higher the pair creation threshold as well as lower this…
It is widely believed that an atom interacting with the electromagnetic field (with total initial energy well-below the ionization threshold) relaxes to its ground state while its excess energy is emitted as radiation. Hence, for large…
This paper discusses work developed in recent years, in the domain of quantum optics, which has led to a better understanding of the classical limit of quantum mechanics. New techniques have been proposed, and experimentally demonstrated,…