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Adaptive Optics has become a key technology for the largest ground-based telescopes currently under or close to begin of construction. Adaptive optics is an indispensable component and has basically only one task, that is to operate the…
For the past 400 years, astronomers have sought to observe and interpret the Universe by building more powerful telescopes. These incredible instruments extend the capabilities of one of our most important senses, sight, towards new limits…
Far-field chemical microscopy providing molecular electronic or vibrational fingerprint information opens a new window for the study of three-dimensional biological, material, and chemical systems. Chemical microscopy provides a…
In the last two decades, optical vortices carried by twisted light wavefronts have attracted a great deal of interest, providing not only new physical insights into light-matter interactions, but also a transformative platform for boosting…
In the ELTs era, where the need for versatile and innovative solutions to produce very high spatial resolution images has become a major issue, the search of synergies with other science fields seems a logic step. One of the considered…
Super-resolution effects in optical and fluorescence biological systems are analyzed and their relations with uncertainty relations are discussed. Super-resolutions obtained in the optical systems, including especially NSOM, SIM and…
The development of adaptive optics (AO) played a major role in modern astronomy over the last three decades. By compensating for the atmospheric turbulence, these systems enable to reach the diffraction limit on large telescopes. In this…
Microscopy has been key to tremendous advances in science, technology, and medicine, revealing structure and dynamics across time and length scales. However, combining high spatial and temporal resolution in a non-invasive, label-free…
Despite all the success with developing super-resolution imaging techniques, the Abbe limit poses a severe fundamental restriction on the resolution of far-field imaging systems based on diffraction of light. Imaging with contact…
Since its invention by Arthur Ashkin and colleagues at Bell Labs in the 1970s, optical micromanipulation, also known as optical tweezers or laser tweezers, has evolved remarkably to become one of the most convenient and versatile tools for…
Fluorescence microscopy has revolutionized biomedical research over the past three decades. Its high molecular specificity and unrivaled single molecule level sensitivity have enabled breakthroughs in a variety of research fields. For in…
The paper reviews progress in imaging in radio interferometry for the period 1993-1996. Unlike an optical telescope, the basic measurements of a radio interferometer (correlations between antennas) are indirectly related to a sky brightness…
High-angular-resolution imaging is crucial for many applications in modern astronomy and astrophysics. The fundamental diffraction limit constrains the resolving power of both ground-based and spaceborne telescopes. The recent idea of a…
As one of important analysis tools, microscopes with high spatial resolution are indispensable for scientific research and medical diagnosis, and much attention is always focused on the improvement of resolution. Over the past decade, a…
Highest resolution imaging in astronomy is achieved by interferometry, connecting telescopes over increasingly longer distances, and at successively shorter wavelengths. Here, we present the first diffraction-limited images in visual light,…
We highlight the impact of Emil Wolf's work on coherence and polarization on an ever increasing amount of applications in the 21 st century. We present a brief review of how partial coherence at the level of increasing order of coherence…
Object detection, as of one the most fundamental and challenging problems in computer vision, has received great attention in recent years. Over the past two decades, we have seen a rapid technological evolution of object detection and its…
High-contrast observations in optical and infrared astronomy are defined as any observation requiring a technique to reveal a celestial object of interest that is in such close angular proximity to another source brighter by a factor of at…
Many microscopy applications are limited by the total amount of usable light and are consequently challenged by the resulting levels of noise in the acquired images. This problem is often addressed via (supervised) deep learning based…
Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) provides images of fluorescent objects at an enhanced resolution greater than that of conventional epifluorescence wide-field microscopy. Initially demonstrated in 1999 to enhance the lateral…