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Determining whether a nonlinear multi-input system is differentially flat remains challenging. One way to obtain computationally tractable sufficient conditions is to give complete characterizations of flat normal forms. We introduce a…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-11-17 Georg Hartl , Conrad Gstöttner , Markus Schöberl

We present a broadly applicable structurally flat triangular form for x-flat control-affine systems with three inputs. Building on recent results for the derivative structure of flat outputs, we define the triangular form together with…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-04-06 Georg Hartl , Conrad Gstöttner , Markus Schöberl

We show that every flat nonlinear discrete-time system with two inputs can be transformed into a structurally flat normal form by state- and input transformations. This normal form has a triangular structure and allows to read off the flat…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-04-19 Johannes Diwold , Bernd Kolar , Markus Schöberl

This paper is devoted to normal forms for x-flat control-affine systems with two inputs. We propose a general triangular normal form which contains several other normal forms discussed in the literature as special cases. We derive…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-11-05 Conrad Gstöttner , Bernd Kolar , Markus Schöberl

In this paper, we present a structurally flat triangular form which is based on the extended chained form. We provide a complete geometric characterization of the proposed triangular form in terms of necessary and sufficient conditions for…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-01-11 Conrad Gstöttner , Bernd Kolar , Markus Schöberl

In this paper, we present a structurally flat triangular form which is based on the extended chained form. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for an affine input system with two inputs to be static feedback equivalent to the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-07-29 Conrad Gstöttner , Bernd Kolar , Markus Schöberl

The purposes of this paper are to classify lower triangular forms and to determine under what conditions a nonlinear system is equivalent to a specific type of lower triangular forms. According to the least multi-indices and the greatest…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-16 Duan Zhang , Ying Sun

It is widely recognized that no tractable necessary and sufficient conditions exist for determining whether a system is, in general, differentially flat. However, specific cases do provide such conditions. For instance, driftless systems…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-11 Jean Lévine , Jaume Franch

We examine when differentially flat nonlinear control systems with more than two inputs can be rendered static feedback linearizable by a minimal number of prolongations of suitably chosen inputs after applying a static input…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-04-06 Georg Hartl , Conrad Gstöttner , Markus Schöberl

In this paper we consider $(x,u)$-flat nonlinear control systems with two inputs, and show that every such system can be rendered static feedback linearizable by prolongations of a suitably chosen control. This result is not only of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-04-19 Conrad Gstöttner , Bernd Kolar , Markus Schöberl

In general, flat outputs of a nonlinear system may depend on the system's state and input as well as on an arbitrary number of time derivatives of the latter. If a flat output which also depends on time derivatives of the input is known,…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-01-11 Conrad Gstöttner , Bernd Kolar , Markus Schöberl

In this article, we introduce the notion of differential flatness by pure prolongation: loosely speaking, a system admits this property if, and only if, there exists a pure prolongation of finite order such that the prolonged system is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-05-28 Jean Lévine

In this paper, we give normal forms for flat two-input control-affine systems in dimension five that admit a flat output depending on the state only (we call systems with that property x-flat systems). We discuss relations of x-flatness in…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-01-12 Florentina Nicolau , Conrad Gstöttner , Witold Respondek

In this paper, we give a complete geometric characterization of control systems, with m+1 inputs, locally static feedback equivalent to a triangular form compatible with the chained form, for m=1, respectively with the m-chained form, for…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-11-25 Shunjie Li , Florentina Nicolau , Witold Respondek

We study the problem to provide a triangular form based on implicit differential equations for non-linear multi-input systems with respect to the flatness property. Furthermore, we suggest a constructive method for the transformation of a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-07-29 Markus Schöberl , Kurt Schlacher

We derive sufficient conditions for the solvability of the observer design problem for a wide class of nonlinear time-varying systems, including those having triangular structure. We establish that, under weaker assumptions than those…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2011-11-03 D. Boskos , J. Tsinias

We propose easily verifiable necessary and sufficient conditions for the linearizability of two-input systems by an endogenous dynamic feedback with a dimension of at most two.

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-01-11 Conrad Gstöttner , Bernd Kolar , Markus Schöberl

Flatness of discrete-time systems can be characterized by two simple properties. There exists a map, a submersion, from the flat coordinates and their forward shifts to the state and the input of the discrete-time system, such that the…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2023-03-10 Schlacher Kurt , Lindorfer Martin

This paper completely solves the controllability problems of two-dimensional multi-input discrete-time bilinear systems with and without drift. Necessary and sufficient conditions for controllability, which cover the existing results, are…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2014-01-23 Lin Tie

This paper proposes a tracking controller based on the concept of flat inputs and a dynamic compensator. Flat inputs represent a dual approach to flat outputs. In contrast to conventional flatness-based control design, the regulated output…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2012-11-27 Jean-Francois Stumper , Ferdinand Svaricek , Ralph Kennel
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