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This article extends the hypotheses assessment method to the case with two competing simple hypotheses. In doing so we further clarify the benefits that hypotheses assessments can bring to classical statistical analyses. Given that…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-25 Graham N. Bornholt

We identify the critical deviation scale governing Bayesian evidence accumulation in regular parametric testing. Under integrated Bayes risk with zero-one loss, the risk-optimal rejection boundary lies in a moderate deviation regime, with a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-23 Jyotishka Datta , Nicholas G. Polson , Vadim Sokolov , Daniel Zantedeschi

The start of LHC has motivated an effort to determine the relative probability of the different regions of the MSSM parameter space, taking into account the present, theoretical and experimental, wisdom about the model. Since the present…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-11-18 M. E. Cabrera , J. A. Casas , R. Ruiz de Austri

There has been a tremendous methodological development of Bayes factors for hypothesis testing in the social and behavioral sciences, and related fields. This development is due to the flexibility of the Bayes factor for testing multiple…

In most relevant cases in the Bayesian analysis of ODE inverse problems, a numerical solver needs to be used. Therefore, we cannot work with the exact theoretical posterior distribution but only with an approximate posterior deriving from…

Computation · Statistics 2016-08-01 Marcos Capistrán , J. Andrés Christen , Sophie Donnet

Equivalence testing for scalar data has been well addressed in the literature, however, the same cannot be said for functional data. The resultant complexity from maintaining the functional structure of the data, rather than using a scalar…

Applications · Statistics 2015-03-05 Colin B. Fogarty , Dylan S. Small

We describe Bayes factors based on z, t, $\chi^2$, and F statistics when non-local moment prior distributions are used to define alternative hypotheses. The non-local alternative prior distributions are centered on standardized effects. The…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-26 Saptati Datta , Rachael Shudde , Valen E. Johnson

Classical influence functions face significant challenges when applied to deep neural networks, primarily due to non-invertible Hessians and high-dimensional parameter spaces. We propose the local Bayesian influence function (BIF), an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Philipp Alexander Kreer , Wilson Wu , Maxwell Adam , Zach Furman , Jesse Hoogland

The Bayes factor is the gold-standard figure of merit for comparing fits of models to data, for hypothesis selection and parameter estimation. However it is little used because it is computationally very intensive. Here it is shown how…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2020-07-21 David J. Dunstan , Joel Crowne , Alan J. Drew

Common statistical practice has shown that the full power of Bayesian methods is not realized until hierarchical priors are used, as these allow for greater "robustness" and the ability to "share statistical strength." Yet it is an ongoing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-05-20 Jonathan H. Huggins , Joshua B. Tenenbaum

A Bayesian inference method for problems with small samples and sparse data is presented in this paper. A general type of prior ($\propto 1/\sigma^{q}$) is proposed to formulate the Bayesian posterior for inference problems under small…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-10-14 Jingjing He , Xuefei Guan

It has long been known that for the comparison of pairwise nested models, a decision based on the Bayes factor produces a consistent model selector (in the frequentist sense). Here we go beyond the usual consistency for nested pairwise…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-04-21 George Casella , F. Javier Girón , M. Lina Martínez , Elías Moreno

In the simple quantum hypothesis testing problem, upper bounds on the error probabilities are shown based on a key operator inequality between a density operator and its pinching. Concerning the error exponents, the upper bounds lead to a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Tomohiro Ogawa , Masahito Hayashi

When data analysts train a classifier and check if its accuracy is significantly different from chance, they are implicitly performing a two-sample test. We investigate the statistical properties of this flexible approach in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Ilmun Kim , Aaditya Ramdas , Aarti Singh , Larry Wasserman

In Bayesian statistics, one's prior beliefs about underlying model parameters are revised with the information content of observed data from which, using Bayes' rule, a posterior belief is obtained. A non-trivial example taken from the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 J. Charles , A. Hocker , H. Lacker , F. R. Le Diberder , S. T'Jampens

The elicitation of power priors, based on the availability of historical data, is realized by raising the likelihood function of the historical data to a fractional power {\delta}, which quantifies the degree of discounting of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-04-13 Keying Ye , Zifei Han , Yuyan Duan , Tianyu Bai

Counterfactual explanations utilize feature perturbations to analyze the outcome of an original decision and recommend an actionable recourse. We argue that it is beneficial to provide several alternative explanations rather than a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Natraj Raman , Daniele Magazzeni , Sameena Shah

A key sticking point of Bayesian analysis is the choice of prior distribution, and there is a vast literature on potential defaults including uniform priors, Jeffreys' priors, reference priors, maximum entropy priors, and weakly informative…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-11-22 Andrew Gelman , Daniel Simpson , Michael Betancourt

The equivalence principle can be tested by precision experiments based on classical and quantum systems, on the ground as well as in space. In many models, these tests are mostly equivalent in their ability to constrain physics beyond the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-08-23 Michael Hohensee , Holger Mueller

This paper studies Bayesian variable selection in linear models with general spherically symmetric error distributions. We propose sub-harmonic priors which arise as a class of mixtures of Zellner's g-priors for which the Bayes factors are…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-03-12 Yuzo Maruyama , William E. Strawderman