Related papers: Lagerkvist versus Crick
Drosophila's circadian clock can be perturbed by magnetic fields, as well as by lithium administration. Cryptochromes are critical for the circadian clock. Further, the radical pairs in cryptochrome also can explain magnetoreception in…
Let $R$ be a semilocal Dedekind domain. Under certain assumptions, we show that two (not necessarily unimodular) hermitian forms over an $R$-algebra with involution, which are rationally ismorphic and have isomorphic semisimple coradicals,…
The structure of the genetic code is discussed in formal terms. A rectangular table of the code ("the code matrix"), whose properties reveal its arithmetical content tagged with the information symbols in several notations. New parameters…
The electron Hamiltonian of narrow semiconductor rings with the Rashba and Dresselhaus spin orbit terms is invariant under time-reversal operation followed by a large gauge transformation. We find that all the eigenstates are doubly…
The main new result is the computation of the degeneration of l-adic Eisenstein classes at the cusps. This is done by relating it to the degeneration of the elliptic polylog. These classes come from K-theory and their Hodge regulator can…
The quantum enveloping algebra U_q(sl(2) \oplus sl(2)) in the limit q \to 0 is proposed as a symmetry algebra for the genetic code. In this approach the triplets of nucleotids or codons in the DNA chain are classified in crystal bases,…
Background/ Objectives: Resolving the origin of the genetic code is fundamental to understanding how life began its journey out of the chemical world. Since its deciphering some 60 years ago, there is still no general theory of the…
We calculate the optimality of a doublet precursor to the canonical genetic code with respect to mitigating the effects of point mutations and compare our results to corresponding ones for the canonical genetic code. We find that the…
Lamarckian inheritance has been shown to be a powerful accelerator in systems where the joint evolution of robot morphologies and controllers is enhanced with individual learning. Its defining advantage lies in the offspring inheriting…
In sexual population, recombination reshuffles genetic variation and produces novel combinations of existing alleles, while selection amplifies the fittest genotypes in the population. If recombination is more rapid than selection,…
The structure of the form factors stemmed from the hadronization of QCD currents in the energy region of the resonances can be explored through the analyses of exclusive hadronic decays of the tau lepton. I give a short review on the later…
Cartesian Genetic Programming (CGP) suffers from a specific limitation: Positional bias, a phenomenon in which mostly genes at the start of the genome contribute to a program output, while genes at the end rarely do. This can lead to an…
Various hints on the neutrino masses namely, ({\em i}) the solar neutrino deficit ({\em ii}) the atmospheric neutrino deficit ({\em iii}) the need for the dark matter and/or ({\em iv}) the non-zero neutrinoless double beta decay…
Very low levels of genetic diversity have been reported in vertebrates with large genomes, notably salamanders and lungfish [1-3]. Interpreting differences in heterozygosity, which reflects genetic diversity in a population, is complicated…
A set of linearly constrained permutation matrices are proposed for constructing a class of permutation codes. Making use of linear constraints imposed on the permutation matrices, we can formulate a minimum Euclidian distance decoding…
A full accounting of biological robustness remains elusive; both in terms of the mechanisms by which robustness is achieved and the forces that have caused robustness to grow over evolutionary time. Although its importance to topics such as…
A primordial genetic code is proposed, having only four codons assigned, GGC meaning glycine, GAC meaning aspartate/glutamate, GCC meaning alanine-like and GUC meaning valine-like. Pathways of ambiguity reduction enlarged the codon…
Sex chromosomes have evolved repeatedly across the Tree of Life, yet their evolutionary fates differ strikingly. In sharp contrast to mammals and birds with degenerated, stable Y/W chromosomes, in most amphibians, teleosts, non avian…
Chromosomal aberrations are very frequent in leukemias and several recurring mutations capable of malignant transformation have been described. These mutations usually occur in hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), transforming them into leukemia…
There are two gradient descent decoding procedures for binary codes proposed independently by Liebler and by Ashikhmin and Barg. Liebler in his paper mentions that both algorithms have the same philosophy but in fact they are rather…