Related papers: Lagerkvist versus Crick
During the eukaryotic cell cycle, chromatin undergoes several conformational changes, which are believed to play key roles in gene expression regulation during interphase, and in genome replication and division during mitosis. In this…
For standard leptogenesis from the decay of singlet right-handed neutrinos, we derive source terms for the lepton asymmetry that are present in a finite density background but absent in the vacuum. These arise from cuts through the vertex…
Mutations can arise from the chance misincorporation of nucleotides during DNA replication or from DNA lesions that are not repaired correctly. We introduce a model that relates the source of mutations to their accumulation with cell…
The aims of this paper are to answer several conjectures and questions about multiplier spectrum of rational maps and to give new proofs of several rigidity theorems in complex dynamics, by combining tools from complex and non-archimedean…
What could cause the emergence of non-encoding codons in the course of evolution of the genetic code? Hypothesis of evolution of the genetic code from GC to the AGUC-alphabet account for existence of stop codons.
The linking and writhing numbers are key quantities when characterizing the structure of a piece of supercoiled DNA. Defined as double integrals over the shape of the double-helix, these numbers are not always straightforward to compute,…
A careful quark-diagram analysis shows that a number of two-body nonleptonic $B$ decays can occur through the so-called hairpin diagram, a QCD loop-induced graph different from penguin in final-state hadronization of valence quarks. Using…
X-ray data indicate that complexes of ribosomes with cognate and near cognate tRNAs are very similar structurally, and this was the ground for a suggestion that the ribosome discriminates correct codon-anticodon pair because of its higher…
Cancer progression involves the sequential accumulation of genetic alterations that cumulatively shape the tumour phenotype. In prostate cancer, tumours can follow divergent evolutionary trajectories that lead to distinct subtypes, but the…
The macromolecules that encode and translate information in living systems, DNA and RNA, exhibit distinctive structural asymmetries, including homochirality or mirror image asymmetry and $3' - 5'$ directionality, that are invariant across…
The genetic material of a eukaryotic cell comprises both nuclear DNA (ncDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). These differ markedly in several aspects but nevertheless must encode proteins that are compatible with one another. Here we…
Heterozygote disadvantage is potentially a potent driver of population genetic divergence. Also referred to as underdominance, this phenomena describes a situation where a genetic heterozygote has a lower overall fitness than either…
We study two and three meson decays of the tau lepton within the framework of the Resonance Chiral Theory, that is based on the following properties of QCD: its chiral symmetry in the massless case, its large-N_C limit, and the asymptotic…
This article introduces a novel binary representation of the canonical genetic code based on both the structural similarities of the nucleotides, as well as the physicochemical properties of the encoded amino acids. Each of the four mRNA…
Using basic properties of p-adic numbers, we consider a simple new approach to describe main aspects of DNA sequence and genetic code. Central role in our investigation plays an ultrametric p-adic information space which basic elements are…
The graded cellularity of Libedinsky Double Leaves, which form a basis for the endomorphism ring of the Bott_Samelson_Soergel bimodules, allows us to view the Kazhdan_Lusztig polynomials as graded decomposition numbers. Using this point of…
Beyond the genetic code, there is another layer of information encoded as chemical modifications on histone proteins positioned along the DNA. Maintaining these modifications is crucial for survival and identity of cells. How the…
We will give a simple, unified, possible explanation of several debated genetic issues on today's humans, Neandertals and Denisovans. In particular it is shown by means of a simple mathematical model why there is little genetic variation in…
The Abelian decomposition of QCD reveals two types of gluons: color-neutral ``neurons" and color-carrying ``chromons". This classification does not alter the overall properties of QCD, but the investigation of different types of gluon…
The evolution in coding DNA sequences brings new flexibility and freedom to the codon words, even as the underlying nucleotides get significantly ordered. These curious contra-rules of gene organisation are observed from the distribution of…