English
Related papers

Related papers: Concerning Kurosaki's squarefree word

200 papers

Let $S$ be one of $\{aba,bcb\}$ and $\{aba, aca\}$, and let $w$ be an infinite square-free word over $\Sigma=\{a,b,c\}$ with no factor in $S$. Suppose that $f:\Sigma\rightarrow T^*$ is a non-erasing morphism. Word $f(w)$ is square-free if…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-02-18 James D. Currie

We begin a systematic study of the relations between subword complexity of infinite words and their power avoidance. Among other things, we show that -- the Thue-Morse word has the minimum possible subword complexity over all overlap-free…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Jeffrey Shallit , Arseny M. Shur

Richomme asked the following question: what is the infimum of the real numbers $\alpha$ > 2 such that there exists an infinite word that avoids $\alpha$-powers but contains arbitrarily large squares beginning at every position? We resolve…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-04-14 James D. Currie , Narad Rampersad

We start by considering binary words containing the minimum possible numbers of squares and antisquares (where an antisquare is a word of the form $x \overline{x}$), and we completely classify which possibilities can occur. We consider…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-04-22 Tim Ng , Pascal Ochem , Narad Rampersad , Jeffrey Shallit

A word contains a \emph{half-flip} if it contains non-empty factors $uv$ and $vu$ where $|u|=|v|$. Fici reports a non-constructive proof of the existence of an infinite word over a finite alphabet avoiding half-flips and asks for the size…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-20 Pascal Ochem

Two finite words $u,v$ are 2-binomially equivalent if, for all words $x$ of length at most 2, the number of occurrences of $x$ as a (scattered) subword of $u$ is equal to the number of occurrences of $x$ in $v$. This notion is a refinement…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2013-10-18 M. Rao , M. Rigo , P. Salimov

A tangram is a word in which every letter occurs an even number of times. Thus it can be cut into parts that can be arranged into two identical words. The \emph{cut number} of a tangram is the minimum number of required cuts in this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-16 Pascal Ochem , Théo Pierron

Recently the Fibonacci word $W$ on an infinite alphabet was introduced by [Zhang et al., Electronic J. Combinatorics 24-2 (2017) #P2.52] as a fixed point of the morphism $\phi: (2i) \mapsto (2i)(2i+ 1),\ (2i+ 1) \mapsto (2i+ 2)$ over all $i…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-05-29 Amy Glen , Jamie Simpson , W. F. Smyth

A square-free word $w$ over a fixed alphabet $\Sigma$ is extremal if every word obtained from $w$ by inserting a single letter from $\Sigma$ (at any position) contains a square. Grytczuk et al. recently introduced the concept of extremal…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-02-03 Lucas Mol , Narad Rampersad

Let $L_{k,\alpha}^{\mathbb{Z}}$ denote the set of all bi-infinite $\alpha$-power free words over an alphabet with $k$ letters, where $\alpha$ is a positive rational number and $k$ is positive integer. We prove that if $\alpha\geq 5$, $k\geq…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-10 Josef Rukavicka

We say that a word $w$ on a totally ordered alphabet avoids the word $v$ if there are no subsequences in $w$ order-equivalent to $v$. In this paper we suggest a new approach to the enumeration of words on at most $k$ letters avoiding a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Petter Brändén , Toufik Mansour

We introduce new avoidability problems for words by considering equivalence relations, k-abelian equivalences, which lie properly in between equality and commutative equality, i.e. abelian equality. For two k-abelian equivalent words the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-03-19 Mari Huova , Juhani Karhumäki

The recently confirmed Dejean's conjecture about the threshold between avoidable and unavoidable powers of words gave rise to interesting and challenging problems on the structure and growth of threshold words. Over any finite alphabet with…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2011-08-19 Irina A. Gorbunova , Arseny M. Shur

We consider the following novel variation on a classical avoidance problem from combinatorics on words: instead of avoiding repetitions in all factors of a word, we avoid repetitions in all factors where each individual factor is considered…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2013-03-19 Hamoon Mousavi , Jeffrey Shallit

We show that the first-order logical theory of the binary overlap-free words (and, more generally, the ${\alpha}$-free words for rational ${\alpha}$, $2 < {\alpha} \leq 7/3$), is decidable. As a consequence, many results previously obtained…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-09-08 L. Schaeffer , J. Shallit

Brlek et al. (2008) studied smooth infinite words and established some results on letter frequency, recurrence, reversal and complementation for 2-letter alphabets having same parity. In this paper, we explore smooth infinite words over…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2010-12-16 Yun Bao Huang

A power is a word of the form $\underbrace{uu...u}_{k \; \text{times}}$, where $u$ is a word and $k$ is a positive integer and a square is a word of the form $uu$. Fraenkel and Simpson conjectured in 1998 that the number of distinct squares…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-09-16 Shuo Li

An overlap-free (or $\beta$-free) word $w$ over a fixed alphabet $\Sigma$ is extremal if every word obtained from $w$ by inserting a single letter from $\Sigma$ at any position contains an overlap (or a factor of exponent at least $\beta$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-19 Lucas Mol , Narad Rampersad , Jeffrey Shallit

In this work we consider morphisms that preserve well-known non-repeating properties: squarefreeness, cubefreeness, overlap-freeness and weak squarefreeness. Up to the present moment only the morphisms preserving three out of four…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-05-04 Boris Zolotov

We prove that every concatenation of $10$ or more binary squares contains an overlap. The bound $10$ is best possible. In contrast, over a ternary alphabet, there are infinitely long overlap-free words that consist of a concatenation of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-28 Jeffrey Shallit