English

Half-flips are 5-avoidable

Combinatorics 2026-05-20 v1 Formal Languages and Automata Theory

Abstract

A word contains a \emph{half-flip} if it contains non-empty factors uvuv and vuvu where u=v|u|=|v|. Fici reports a non-constructive proof of the existence of an infinite word over a finite alphabet avoiding half-flips and asks for the size of the smallest alphabet over which half-flips may be avoided. Currie and Rampersad have proposed a pure morphic word over 8 letters and a morphic word over 5 letters and conjecture that they avoid half-flips. We present a pure morphic word over 5 letters that avoids half-flips. We also show that half-flips with u2|u|\ge2 are 3-avoidable and that half-flips with u4|u|\ge4 are 2-avoidable.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2605.18811,
  title  = {Half-flips are 5-avoidable},
  author = {Pascal Ochem},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.18811},
  year   = {2026}
}