English

Extremal Square-free Words

Combinatorics 2019-10-15 v1

Abstract

A word is \emph{square-free} if it does not contain non-empty factors of the form XXXX. In 1906 Thue proved that there exist arbitrarily long square-free words over 33-letter alphabet. We consider a new type of square-free words. A square-free word is \emph{extremal} if it cannot be extended to a new square-free word by inserting a single letter on arbitrary position. We prove that there exist infinitely many extremal words over 33-letter alphabet. Some parts of our construction relies on computer verifications. We also pose some related open problems.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1910.06226,
  title  = {Extremal Square-free Words},
  author = {Jarosław Grytczuk and Hubert Kordulewski and Artur Niewiadomski},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1910.06226},
  year   = {2019}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-23T11:43:09.933Z