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Ordinal classification problems, where labels exhibit a natural order, are prevalent in high-stakes fields such as medicine and finance. Accurate uncertainty quantification, including the decomposition into aleatoric (inherent variability)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Stefan Haas , Eyke Hüllermeier

The development of statistical methods for valid and efficient probabilistic inference without prior distributions has a long history. Fisher's fiducial inference is perhaps the most famous of these attempts. We argue that, despite its…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-01-20 Chuanhai Liu , Ryan Martin

Recovering and distinguishing between the strict-preference, indifference and/or indecisiveness parts of a decision maker's preferences is a challenging task but also important for testing theory and conducting welfare analysis. This paper…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-09-15 Georgios Gerasimou

Probability intervals are an attractive tool for reasoning under uncertainty. Unlike belief functions, though, they lack a natural probability transformation to be used for decision making in a utility theory framework. In this paper we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-01-06 Fabio Cuzzolin

Probability theory is far from being the most general mathematical theory of uncertainty. A number of arguments point at its inability to describe second-order ('Knightian') uncertainty. In response, a wide array of theories of uncertainty…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-04-15 Fabio Cuzzolin

In the past decades, most work in the area of data analysis and machine learning was focused on optimizing predictive models and getting better results than what was possible with existing models. To what extent the metrics with which such…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-06 Nicolas Dewolf

Statistical uncertainty of different filtration techniques for market network analysis is studied. Two measures of statistical uncertainty are discussed. One is based on conditional risk for multiple decision statistical procedures and…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2015-06-17 V. A. Kalyagin , A. P. Koldanov , P. A. Koldanov , P. M. Pardalos , V. A. Zamaraev

We define some appropriate statistical quantities that indicate the physical significance (reliability) of confidence intervals in the framework of both Frequentist and Bayesian statistical theories. We consider the expectation value of the…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2009-10-31 C. Giunti , M. Laveder

Statistical inference in high dimensional settings has recently attracted enormous attention within the literature. However, most published work focuses on the parametric linear regression problem. This paper considers an important…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-11-14 Qi Gao , Randy C. S. Lai , Thomas C. M. Lee , Yao Li

We provide analytic formulas for the standard error and confidence intervals for the F measures, based on a property of asymptotic normality in the large sample limit. The formula can be applied for sample size planning in order to achieve…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-01 Wenxin Jiang

Specification of the strongest possible Bell inequalities for arbitrarily complicated physical scenarios -- any number of observers choosing between any number of observables with any number of possible outcomes -- is currently an open…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-17 Brandon Fogel

The use of standard statistical methods, such as maximum likelihood, is often justified based on their asymptotic properties. For suitably regular models, this theory is standard but, when the model is non-regular, e.g., the support depends…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-08-25 Ryan Martin , Yi Lin

This essay looks at decision-making with interval-valued probability measures. Existing decision methods have either supplemented expected utility methods with additional criteria of optimality, or have attempted to supplement the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-15 Ronald P. Loui

We provide a theoretical framework to understand how widely used measures of choice difficulty relate. In a binary-option Bayesian expected-utility framework, we show that three measures of difficulty, (i) understanding (ex-ante value),…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-04-30 Chris Chambers , Yusufcan Masatolioglu , Paulo Natenzon , Collin Raymond

Inferential models (IMs) are data-dependent, imprecise-probabilistic structures designed to quantify uncertainty about unknowns. As the name suggests, the focus has been on uncertainty quantification for inference and on its reliability…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-01 Ryan Martin , Shih-Ni Prim , Jonathan Williams

We introduce a novel uncertainty estimation for classification tasks for Bayesian convolutional neural networks with variational inference. By normalizing the output of a Softplus function in the final layer, we estimate aleatoric and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-15 Kumar Shridhar , Felix Laumann , Marcus Liwicki

We explore the interplay between random and deterministic phenomena using a representation of uncertainty based on the measure-theoretic concept of outer measure. The meaning of the analogues of different probabilistic concepts is…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-04-21 Jeremie Houssineau

Unfair predictions of machine learning (ML) models impede their broad acceptance in real-world settings. Tackling this arduous challenge first necessitates defining what it means for an ML model to be fair. This has been addressed by the ML…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Selim Kuzucu , Jiaee Cheong , Hatice Gunes , Sinan Kalkan

Fisher's fiducial probability has recently received renewed attention under the name confidence. In this paper, we reformulate it within an extended-likelihood framework, a representation that helps to resolve many long-standing…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-01 Youngjo Lee

We examine a family of intrinsic performance measures in terms of probability distributions that generalize Hellinger distance and Fisher information. They are applied to quantum metrology to assess the uncertainty in the detection of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-20 Alfredo Luis , Alfonso Rodil