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During the epoch of reionization (EoR), the 21-cm signal allows direct observation of the neutral hydrogen (HI) in the intergalactic medium (IGM). In the post-reionization era, this signal instead probes HI in galaxies, which traces the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-20 Sambit K. Giri , Michele Bianco , Timothée Schaeffer , Ilian T. Iliev , Garrelt Mellema , Aurel Schneider

We present detailed predictions for the redshifted 21cm signal from the epoch of reionization. These predictions are obtained from radiative transfer calculations on the results of large scale (100/h Mpc), high dynamic range, cosmological…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Garrelt Mellema , Ilian T. Iliev , Ue-Li Pen , Paul R. Shapiro

The X-ray background during the epoch of reionization is currently poorly constrained. We demonstrate that it is possible to use first generation 21 cm experiments to calibrate it. Using the semi-numerical simulation, 21cmFAST, we calculate…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Pierre Christian , Abraham Loeb

The first generation of redshifted 21 cm detection experiments, carried out with arrays like LOFAR, MWA and GMRT, will have a very low signal-to-noise ratio per resolution element (\sim 0.2). In addition, whereas the variance of the…

Redshifted 21cm signal is a promising tool to investigate the state of intergalactic medium (IGM) in the Cosmic Dawn (CD) and Epoch of Reionization(EoR). In our previous work (Shimabukuro et al 2015), we studied the variance and skewness to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-08 Hayato Shimabukuro , Shintaro Yoshiura , Keitaro Takahashi , Shuichiro Yokoyama , Kiyotomo Ichiki

The birth of the first luminous sources and the ensuing epoch of reionization are best studied via the redshifted 21-cm emission line, the signature of the first two imprinting the last. In this work we present a fully-Bayesian method,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-07-27 G. Bernardi , J. T. L. Zwart , D. Price , L. J. Greenhill , A. Mesinger , J. Dowell , T. Eftekhari , S. W. Ellingson , J. Kocz , F. Schinzel

The potential use of the redshifted 21 cm line from neutral hydrogen for probing the epoch of reionization is motivating the construction of several low-frequency interferometers. There is also much interest in the possibility of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-12-18 Jonathan R. Pritchard , Abraham Loeb

The peculiar velocity of the intergalactic gas responsible for the cosmic 21cm background from the epoch of reionization and beyond introduces an anisotropy in the three-dimensional power spectrum of brightness temperature fluctuations.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Yi Mao , Paul R. Shapiro , Garrelt Mellema , Ilian T. Iliev , Jun Koda , Kyungjin Ahn

Following our previous work, which related generic features in the sky-averaged (global) 21-cm signal to properties of the intergalactic medium, we now investigate the prospects for constraining a simple galaxy formation model with current…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-10-28 Jordan Mirocha , Geraint J. A. Harker , Jack O. Burns

Observation of the redshifted 21-cm signal from Cosmic Dawn and Epoch of Reionization is a challenging endeavor in observational cosmology. Presence of orders of magnitude brighter astrophysical foregrounds and various instrumental…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-03 Aishrila Mazumder , Abhirup Datta , Arnab Chakraborty , Suman Majumdar

The cosmic "Dark Ages" is the period between the last scattering of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and the appearance of the first luminous sources, spanning redshifts $1100\gtrsim z\gtrsim 30$. The only way to observe this period is…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-15 Willow Smith , Jonathan C. Pober

Detection of the global redshifted 21-cm signal is an excellent means of deciphering the physical processes during the Dark Ages and subsequent Epoch of Reionization (EoR). However, detection of this faint monopole is challenging due to…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-12-16 Saurabh Singh , Ravi Subrahmanyan , N. Udaya Shankar , A. Raghunathan

We explore the ability of observations of the global brightness temperature of the 21-cm signal to constrain the reionization history and the properties of the ionizing sources. In order to describe the reionization signal, we employ either…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Andrea Morandi , Rennan Barkana

Observations of the high-redshift Universe with the 21 cm hyperfine line of neutral hydrogen promise to open an entirely new window onto the early phases of cosmic structure formation. Here we review the physics of the 21 cm transition,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Steven Furlanetto , S. Peng Oh , Frank Briggs

Aiming to correctly restore the redshifted 21 cm signals emitted by the neutral hydrogen during the cosmic reionization processes, we re-examine the separation approaches based on the quadratic polynomial fitting technique in frequency…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 Jingying Wang , Haiguang Xu , Tao An , Junhua Gu , Xueying Guo , Weitian Li , Yu Wang , Chengze Liu , Olivier Martineau-Huynh , Xiang-Ping Wu

The precise form of the foregrounds for sky-averaged measurements of the 21-cm line during and before the epoch of reionization is unknown. We suggest that the level of complexity in the foreground models used to fit global 21-cm data…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-02-26 Geraint Harker

Detecting the global 21 cm signal from the epoch of reionization remains a major observational challenge due to bright foregrounds and instrumental systematics. As part of the Colombian Antarctic Telescopes for 21 cm Absorption during…

Detection of redshifted \ion{H}{i} 21-cm emission is a potential probe for investigating the Universe's first billion years. However, given the significantly brighter foreground, detecting 21-cm is observationally difficult. The Earth's…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-01-30 Anshuman Tripathi , Abhirup Datta , Madhurima Choudhury , Suman Majumdar

We describe how the high-redshift 21-cm background can be used to improve both our understanding of the fundamental cosmological parameters of our Universe and exotic processes originating in the dark sector. The 21-cm background emerging…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-09-30 Steven R. Furlanetto

The reionization of the Universe is expected to leave a signal in the form of a sharp step in the spectrum of the sky. If reionization occurs at 5 < z < 20, a feature should appear in the radio sky at 70 - 240 MHz due to redshifted HI 21-cm…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 P. A. Shaver , R. A. Windhorst , P. Madau , A. G. de Bruyn