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Related papers: Global 21cm signal experiments: A designer's guide

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Predicting the 21cm signal from the epoch of reionization and cosmic dawn is a complex and challenging task. Various simplifying assumptions have been applied over the last decades to make the modeling more affordable. In this paper, we…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-25 Timothée Schaeffer , Sambit K. Giri , Aurel Schneider

We estimate the global signal in the redshifted hyperfine structure line 21 cm of hydrogen atoms formed during the Dark Ages and Cosmic Dawn epochs. The evolution of the brightness temperature in this line was computed to study its…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-11 Bohdan Novosyadlyj , Yurii Kulinich , Danylo Koval

Foreground emission makes it difficult to detect the highly-redshifted cosmological 21 cm signal at any frequency. However, at low frequencies foregrounds are likely to become optically thick, which would make it completely impossible to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-05-18 Daniya Seitova , Jonathan C. Pober

Measurement of the global 21-cm signal during Cosmic Dawn (CD) and the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) is made difficult by bright foreground emission which is 2-5 orders of magnitude larger than the expected signal. Fitting for a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-20 Michael Pagano , Peter Sims , Adrian Liu , Dominic Anstey , Will Handley , Eloy De Lera Acedo

Preliminary results are presented from a simple, single-antenna experiment designed to measure the all-sky radio spectrum between 100 and 200 MHz. The system used an internal comparison-switching scheme to reduce non-smooth instrumental…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Judd D. Bowman , Alan E. E. Rogers , Jacqueline N. Hewitt

The redshifted 21-cm line of distant neutral H atoms provides a probe of the cosmic ``dark ages'' and the epoch of reionization (``EOR'') which ended them. The radio continuum produced by this redshifted line can be seen in absorption or…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Paul R. Shapiro , Ilian T. Iliev , Garrelt Mellema , Ue-Li Pen , Hugh Merz

Detecting redshifted 21cm emission from neutral hydrogen in the early Universe promises to give direct constraints on the epoch of reionization (EoR). It will, though, be very challenging to extract the cosmological signal (CS) from…

The Mapper of the IGM Spin Temperature (MIST) is a new ground-based, single-antenna, radio experiment attempting to detect the global 21 cm signal from the Dark Ages and Cosmic Dawn. A significant challenge in this measurement is the…

The highly redshifted 21 cm line of neutral hydrogen has become recognized as a unique probe of cosmology from relatively low redshifts (z ~ 1) up through the Epoch of Reionization (z ~ 8) and even beyond. To date, most work has focused on…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-23 Jonathan C. Pober

The precise measurement of the sky-averaged HI absorption signal between 50 and 200 MHz is the primary goal of global 21-cm cosmology. This measurement has the potential to unravel the underlying physics of cosmic structure formation and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-04 Emma Shen , Dominic Anstey , Marta Spinelli , Eloy de Lera Acedo , Anastasia Fialkov

The exploration of the end of the Dark Ages will be one of the most exciting field of the next decade. While most of the proposed observations must await the next-generation telescopes, the observational window of the redshifted 21cm line…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Paolo Tozzi

The Epoch of Reionization (EoR) and Cosmic Dawn (CD) are pivotal stages during the first billion years of the universe, exerting a significant influence on the development of cosmic structure. The detection of the redshifted 21-cm signal…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-14 Anshuman Tripathi , Abhirup Datta , Aishrila Mazumder , Suman Majumdar

Absorption or emission against the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) may be observed in the redshifted 21cm line if the spin temperature of the neutral intergalactic medium prior to reionization differs from the CMB temperature.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-12-10 Tiziana Di Matteo , Rosalba Perna , Tom Abel , Martin J. Rees

The HI 21cm global signal from the Cosmic Dawn and the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) offers critical insights into the evolution of our Universe. Yet, its detection presents significant challenges due to its extremely low…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-09 Yue Wang , Xin Wang , Shijie Sun , Fengquan Wu , Shoudong Luo , Xuelei Chen

Numerous experiments have been designed to investigate the Cosmic Dawn (CD) and Epoch of Reionization (EoR) by examining redshifted 21-cm emissions from neutral hydrogen. Detecting the global spectrum of redshifted 21-cm signals is…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-08 Feiyu Zhao , Quan Guo , Qian Zheng , Ruxi Liang , Pengfei Zhang , Yajun Wu , Junhua Gu , Zhao Yang , Yun Yu , Yan Huang , Tianyang Liu

Spatial variations in the Lyman-$\alpha$ forest opacity at $z<6$ seem to require a late end to cosmic reionization. In this picture, the universe contains neutral hydrogen 'islands' of up to 100 cMpc$/h$ in extent down to redshifts as low…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-06 Janakee Raste , Girish Kulkarni , Catherine A. Watkinson , Laura C. Keating , Martin G. Haehnelt

The redshifted 21 cm brightness distribution from neutral hydrogen is a promising probe into the cosmic dark ages, cosmic dawn, and re-ionization. LOFAR's Low Band Antennas (LBA) may be used in the frequency range 45 MHz to 85 MHz (30>z>16)…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 H. K. Vedantham , L. V. E. Koopmans , A. G. de Bruyn , S. J. Wijnholds , B. Ciardi , M. A. Brentjens

Observation of multifrequency angular power spectrum of the redshifted 21-cm brightness temperature fluctuation from the neutral hydrogen holds the key to understand the structure formation and its evolution during the reionization and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-28 Saikat Gayen , Jais Kumar , Prasun Dutta , Khandakar Md Asif Elahi , Samir Choudhuri , Nirupam Roy

One of the last unexplored windows to the cosmos, the Dark Ages and Cosmic Dawn, can be opened using a simple low frequency radio telescope from the stable, quiet lunar farside to measure the Global 21-cm spectrum. This frontier remains an…