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We expand the theory of pebbling to graphs with weighted edges. In a weighted pebbling game, one player distributes a set amount of weight on the edges of a graph and his opponent chooses a target vertex and places a configuration of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-06-09 Stephanie Jones , Joshua D. Laison , Cameron McLeman , Kathryn Nyman

The domination game is an optimization game played by two players, Dominator and Staller, who alternately select vertices in a graph $G$. A vertex is said to be dominated if it has been selected or is adjacent to a selected vertex. Each…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-02-03 Leo Versteegen

The classical game of {\sc Nim} can be naturally extended and played on an arbitrary hypergraph $\cH \subseteq 2^V \setminus \{\emptyset\}$ whose vertices $V = \{1, \ldots, n\}$ correspond to piles of stones. By one move a player chooses an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-03-20 Endre Boros , Vladimir Gurvich , Levi Kitrossky , Kazuhisa Makino

Simple stochastic games are turn-based 2.5-player zero-sum graph games with a reachability objective. The problem is to compute the winning probability as well as the optimal strategies of both players. In this paper, we compare the three…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-21 Jan Kretinsky , Emanuel Ramneantu , Alexander Slivinskiy , Maximilian Weininger

In 1901, Bouton proved that a winning strategy of the game of Nim is given by the bitwise XOR, called the nim-sum. But, why does such a weird binary operation work? Led by this question, this paper introduces a categorical reinterpretation…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-17 Ryuya Hora

Simple stochastic games are turn-based 2.5-player zero-sum graph games with a reachability objective. The problem is to compute the winning probability as well as the optimal strategies of both players. In this paper, we compare the three…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Jan Křetínský , Emanuel Ramneantu , Alexander Slivinskiy , Maximilian Weininger

deBruijn graphs are widely used in genomics and computer science. In this paper we present a novel approach to finding weights on edges of doubly weighted deBruijn graphs. Given any fixed set of weights on vertices, we use a repeated…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Nadejda Drenska

We develop the methodology of positioning graph vertices relative to each other to solve the problem of determining isomorphism of two undirected graphs. Based on the position of the vertex in one of the graphs, it is determined the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-02-13 Anatoly D. Plotnikov

We introduce the game Slow $A$-Nim which generalizes a number of recently studied games. Slow $A$-Nim is played on $n$ stacks of tokens, and the set $A$ indicates the number of stacks a player can play on. Once a player has decided on the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-24 Silvia Heubach , Matthieu Dufour

We study the outcomes of various positions of the game Snort. When played on graphs admitting an automorphism of order two that maps vertices outside of their closed neighbourhoods (called opposable graphs), the second player has a winning…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-26 Rylo Ashmore , Beth Ann Austin , Alfie M. Davies , Danny Dyer , William Kellough

We consider the following problem arising from the study of human problem solving: Let $G$ be a vertex-weighted graph with marked "in" and "out" vertices. Suppose a random walker begins at the in-vertex, steps to neighbors of vertices with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-05-28 Joshua N. Cooper

We study a random game in which two players in turn play a fixed number of moves. For each move, there are two possible choices. To each possible outcome of the game we assign a winner in an i.i.d. fashion with a fixed parameter p. In the…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-09-05 Natalia Cardona-Tobón , Anja Sturm , Jan M. Swart

An evolutionary approach for computing the winning strategy for Nim-like games is proposed in this paper. The winning strategy is computed by using the Multi Expression Programming (MEP) technique - a fast and efficient variant of the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Mihai Oltean

The semi-random graph process is a single player game in which the player is initially presented an empty graph on $n$ vertices. In each round, a vertex $u$ is presented to the player independently and uniformly at random. The player then…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-14 David Gamarnik , Mihyun Kang , Pawel Pralat

Yama Nim is a two heaps Nim game introduced in the second author's Master Thesis, where the player takes more than $2$ tokens from one heap, and return $1$ token to the other heap. Triangular Nim is a generalization, where the player takes…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-10-11 Shun-ichi Kimura , Takahiro Yamashita

We study a version of the lights out game played on directed graphs. For a digraph $D$, we begin with a labeling of $V(D)$ with elements of $\mathbb{Z}_k$ for $k \ge 2$. When a vertex $v$ is toggled, the labels of $v$ and any vertex that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-04 T. Elise Dettling , Darren B. Parker

In the classic Maximum Weight Independent Set problem we are given a graph $G$ with a nonnegative weight function on vertices, and the goal is to find an independent set in $G$ of maximum possible weight. While the problem is NP-hard in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-03-24 Andrzej Grzesik , Tereza Klimošová , Marcin Pilipczuk , Michał Pilipczuk

We consider {\em bidding games}, a class of two-player zero-sum {\em graph games}. The game proceeds as follows. Both players have bounded budgets. A token is placed on a vertex of a graph, in each turn the players simultaneously submit…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-31 Guy Avni , Tobias Meggendorfer , Suman Sadhukhan , Josef Tkadlec , Đorđe Žikelić

Let G be a finite undirected graph. A vertex dominates itself and all its neighbors in G. A vertex set D is an efficient dominating set (e.d. for short) of G if every vertex of G is dominated by exactly one vertex of D. The Efficient…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2013-04-24 Andreas Brandstädt , Martin Milanic , Ragnar Nevries

We introduce CUT, the class of 2-player partition games. These are NIM type games, played on a finite number of heaps of beans. The rules are given by a set of positive integers, which specifies the number of allowed splits a player can…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-17 Antoine Dailly , Eric Duchene , Urban Larsson , Gabrielle Paris
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