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We prove PSPACE-completeness of Push-1: given a rectangular grid of 1 x 1 cells, each possibly occupied by a movable block, can a robot move from one specified location to another, given the ability to push up to one block at a time? In…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-05-11 MIT Hardness Group , Josh Brunner , Lily Chung , Erik D. Demaine , Jenny Diomidova , Della Hendrickson , Jayson Lynch

This paper examines the integration of computational complexity into game theoretic models. The example focused on is the Prisoner's Dilemma, repeated for a finite length of time. We show that a minimal bound on the players' computational…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Yishay Mor , Jeffrey S. Rosenschein

Large Language Models' (LLMs) programming capabilities enable their participation in open-source games: a game-theoretic setting in which players submit computer programs in lieu of actions. These programs offer numerous advantages,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Swadesh Sistla , Max Kleiman-Weiner

The role of a Dungeon Master, or DM, in the game Dungeons & Dragons is to perform multiple tasks simultaneously. The DM must digest information about the game setting and monsters, synthesize scenes to present to other players, and respond…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Andrew Zhu , Lara J. Martin , Andrew Head , Chris Callison-Burch

Resolving Python dependency issues remains a tedious and error-prone process, forcing developers to manually trial compatible module versions and interpreter configurations. Existing automated solutions, such as knowledge-graph-based and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Antony Bartlett , Cynthia Liem , Annibale Panichella

The reversible pebble game is a combinatorial game played on rooted DAGs. This game was introduced by Bennett (1989) motivated by applications in designing space efficient reversible algorithms. Recently, Chan (2013) showed that the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-04-20 Balagopal Komarath , Jayalal Sarma , Saurabh Sawlani

This paper examines the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) from a novel perspective, focusing on their ability to operate within formally specified, rule-governed environments. We evaluate four LLMs (Gemini 2.5 Pro and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Maciej Świechowski , Adam Żychowski , Jacek Mańdziuk

It has been established in recent work that Large Language Models (LLMs) can be prompted to "self-play" conversational games that probe certain capabilities (general instruction following, strategic goal orientation, language understanding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Anne Beyer , Kranti Chalamalasetti , Sherzod Hakimov , Brielen Madureira , Philipp Sadler , David Schlangen

We study the Maker-Maker version of the domination game introduced in 2018 by Duch\^ene et al. Given a graph, two players alternately claim vertices. The first player to claim a dominating set of the graph wins. As the Maker-Breaker…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-12 Eric Duchêne , Arthur Dumas , Nacim Oijid , Aline Parreau , Eric Rémila

We consider combinatorial avoidance and achievement games based on graph Ramsey theory: The players take turns in coloring still uncolored edges of a graph G, each player being assigned a distinct color, choosing one edge per move. In…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Wolfgang Slany

We study turn-based stochastic zero-sum games with lexicographic preferences over reachability and safety objectives. Stochastic games are standard models in control, verification, and synthesis of stochastic reactive systems that exhibit…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-21 Krishnendu Chatterjee , Joost-Pieter Katoen , Maximilian Weininger , Tobias Winkler

Many games are reliant on creating new and engaging content constantly to maintain the interest of their player-base. One such example are puzzle games, in such it is common to have a recurrent need to create new puzzles. Creating new…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Karine Levonyan , Jesse Harder , Fernando De Mesentier Silva

Permutation Mastermind is a version of the classical mastermind game in which the number of positions $n$ is equal to the number of colors $k$, and repetition of colors is not allowed, neither in the codeword nor in the queries. In this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-01-12 Maxime Larcher , Anders Martinsson , Angelika Steger

In imperfect-information games, the optimal strategy in a subgame may depend on the strategy in other, unreached subgames. Thus a subgame cannot be solved in isolation and must instead consider the strategy for the entire game as a whole,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-11-20 Noam Brown , Tuomas Sandholm

Two new techniques are introduced into the theory of the domination game. The cutting lemma bounds the game domination number of a partially dominated graph with the game domination number of suitably modified partially dominated graph. The…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-02-22 Paul Dorbec , Michael A. Henning , Sandi Klavžar , Gašper Košmrlj

In this paper, we introduce a combination of novel and exciting tasks: the solution and generation of linguistic puzzles. We focus on puzzles used in Linguistic Olympiads for high school students. We first extend the existing benchmark for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Neh Majmudar , Elena Filatova

We introduce a problem set-up we call the Iterated Matching Pennies (IMP) game and show that it is a powerful framework for the study of three problems: adversarial learnability, conventional (i.e., non-adversarial) learnability and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-02-10 Michael Brand , David L. Dowe

Recent research has demonstrated that large language models (LLMs) can support experts across various domains, including game design. In this study, we examine the utility of medium-sized LLMs, models that operate on consumer-grade hardware…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Julian Geheeb , Farhan Abid Ivan , Daniel Dyrda , Miriam Anschütz , Georg Groh

We define a new impartial combinatorial game, Flag Coloring, based on flood filling. We then generalize to a graph game, and find values for many positions on two colors. We demonstrate that the generalized game is PSPACE-complete for two…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-12-22 Kyle Burke , Craig Tennenhouse

The act and experience of programming is, at its heart, a fundamentally human activity that results in the production of artifacts. When considering programming, therefore, it would be a glaring omission to not involve people who specialize…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-11-07 John Aycock , Tara Copplestone